毛细管电泳电化学检测法测定中药枳实和枳壳中的辛弗林和3种黄酮

采用毛细管电泳电化学检测法同时测定了枳实和枳壳中的辛弗林和3种黄酮即橙皮甙、柚皮素和柚皮甙的含量。考察了工作电极的氧化电位、分离电压和进样时间,运行缓冲的浓度和pH值对分离和检测的影响。在优化条件下,以300μm直径的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,检测电位为 0.85 V(vs.SCE),在80 mmol/L硼酸盐(pH 8.45)的运行缓冲液中,被测物浓度与峰电流在3个数量级范围内呈良好线性,检出限(S/N=3)在1×10-4~5×10-4g/L之间,该法简单、可靠、快速,单次测定可在20 m in内完成,已经成功应用于实际样品枳实和枳壳中4组分的测定,样品处理简单,无须预富集,检测结果令人满意。     

桂皮和小茴香中砷、铅、镉和汞的测定

用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对桂皮和小茴香中的有害元素砷、铅、镉和汞进行了定量测定.结果表明,该方法简便可靠,具有良好的精密度和准确度.本文为桂皮、小茴香的种植及入药等方面提供了一些有用的信息.     

A rapid assay to screen adenosine deaminase inhibitors from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus against metabolism of cordycepin utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cordycepin has recently received increased attention owing to its extensive pharmacological activity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is widely distributed in mammalian blood and tissues; as a result, cordycepin is quickly metabolized upon entering into the body and converted into the inactive metabolite 3′-deoxyinosine, thus limiting its activity when administered alone. We herein present a novel ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for screening ADA inhibitors against the metabolism of cordycepin. Cordycepin and 3′-deoxyinosine were chosen as substrate and product, respectively. A proper separation was achieved for all analytes within 3 min. 3′-Deoxyinosine was quantified in the presence or absence of potential ADA inhibitors to evaluate ADA activity. The assay can simultaneously determine substrate and product, with the endogenous substance and ADA inhibitors added not interfering in its activity. After optimizing the enzymatic incubation and UHPLC–MS/MS conditions, K_m and V_max values for ADA deamination of cordycepin were 95.18 ± 7.85 μm and 363.90 ± 12.16 μmol/min/unit, respectively. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were chosen as ADA inhibitors with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 21.82 ± 0.39 and 18.41 ± 0.14 μm , respectively. A non-competitive inhibition model was constructed and this assay can be used to screen other potential ADA inhibitors quickly and accurately.     

Dynamic variations of bioactive compounds driven by enzymes in Psoralea corylifolia L. from growth to storage and processing

Fructus Psoraleae (FP), the dried ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., is a popular herbal medicine commonly applied for alleviating osteoporosis and vitiligo. But, until now, the dynamic variations of compounds in P. corylifolia have been less investigated during its growth, storage, and treatment by different temperatures, which is meaningful for guaranteeing the quality of FP. In this study, focused on these questions, with emphasis on the enzyme-driven dynamic transformation of coumarins, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (UHPLC-PDA) method was successfully established for the simultaneous determination of nine compounds. The distribution and accumulation of compounds were discussed and illuminated in different parts of P. corylifolia and samples harvested at different times. The characteristics of compounds' variation in flowers and fruits of P. corylifolia were identified. Through the market survey and quantitative study on FP, positive correlation was speculated between transformation from (iso)psoralenoside to (iso)psoralen via β-glucosidase and storage time, which was further confirmed by accelerated stability test. The effect of treated temperatures (40–210 °C) was unveiled on the enzyme activity and transformation from (iso)psoralenoside to (iso)psoralen in FP. And the focused compounds' transformation was mainly driven by β-glucosidase when the temperature was below 120 °C. Above 120 °C, β-glucosidase was completely inactivated, and the focused compounds' transformation was mediated by high-temperature, also the obvious degradation was found. Our results demonstrated that compounds' transformation characteristics arising from the growth, processing and storage of P. corylifolia are critical factors to ensure the quality of FP.     

白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻挥发油成分的比较

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻的挥发油成分进行了研究.从4种豆蔻中分别鉴定出33、54、37和29种化学成分,并测定了其相对含量.采用色谱指纹图谱分区法,将白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻的总离子流色谱图分为4个区,对它们的挥发油成分进行比较.结果表明,白豆蔻挥发油成分与红豆蔻、草豆蔻或肉豆蔻挥发油成分差异较大,且白豆蔻的药效成分为1,8-桉叶油素,其含量远高于红豆蔻或草豆蔻,而在肉豆蔻中未检出该成分,故不宜用红豆蔻、草豆蔻或肉豆蔻代替白豆蔻入药.该研究为白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻的精油挥发性成分的比较及质量评价提供了新途径.     

Differentiation of various kinds of Fructus schisandrae by surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis

Various kinds of Fructus schisandrae were studied by surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS) without any sample pretreatment. The volatile components in F. schisandrae were detected in the ambient environment and the analytical time for each sample was only 30 s. F. schisandrae are produced mainly in 5 different geographical regions (Elunchun, Mudanjiang, Tonghua, Tieling and Shangluo), and they could be successfully differentiated according to their chemical markers by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 8 components which gave more contribution for PCA analysis were unambiguously identified by comparison of the MS² data of chemical markers to the data of reference compounds as reported in the literature. Similarly, wild grown and cultivatable species of F. schisandrae were well separated by the above-mentioned method. In addition, raw and processed cultivatable F. schisandrae (steamed by water, alcohol, vinegar, or honey, and fried by honey) were found to be clustered at different location, respectively. Furthermore, the clustered degree of differently processed products was correlated with their clinical effects. Our results demonstrated that DAPCI-MS in combination with PCA was a feasible technique for high-throughput differentiation of various kinds of F. schisandrae. It is also possible that DAPCI-MS could become a powerful technology in the studies of traditional Chinese medicine studies and in situ analysis of Chinese herbs.     

Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in Fructus Bruceae by high‐performance liquid chromatography with online postcolumn photochemical derivatization

A simple, reliable, and highly sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ in Fructus Bruceae was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to online postcolumn photochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection. Aflatoxins were first extracted by a methanol/water mixture and then cleaned up with an AflaTest? immunoaffinity column. Different clean‐up and derivatization methods were compared and optimized. The established method was extensively validated to show satisfactory performance of linearity (R² ≥ 0.9997), recovery (74.3–100.8%), and precision (RSDs ≤ 2.8%) for the investigated aflatoxins. This proposed method was also applied to 11 F. Bruceae samples and the results showed that 10 out of 11 were contaminated with aflatoxins ranging from 0.26 to 27.52 μg/kg and the occurrence of aflatoxin B₁, the most toxic one, was as high as 91% in all the samples, highlighting the severe contamination and the necessity to set legal limits for aflatoxins in F. Bruceae.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定枸杞中的类胡萝卜素

研究了固相萃取富集和预分离,高效液相色谱测定枸杞中的类胡萝卜素的方法;枸杞中的类胡萝卜素用WatersXterraTMRP18固相萃取小柱预分离,以WatersXterraTMRP18(3.9×150mm,5μm)液相色谱柱为固定相,甲醇 四氢呋喃(4 1)为流动相分离,用二极管矩阵检测器检测,检测波长为450nm。方法标准回收率为95%～103%。用该方法测定了几种枸杞样品中的类胡萝卜素。     

枸杞子中铜的测定及其浓度分布特征

用超声波辅助水提取-醇沉-溶剂萃取方法分离枸杞子得Ⅰ-Ⅷ8个组分,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定其中铜的浓度,并探讨了铜在枸杞子不同组分中的浓度分布特征。结果表明,枸杞子及其分离组分Ⅰ-Ⅷ中铜的质量分数分别是13.20、4.03、9.01、6.41、3.41、5.66、3.96、16.70、8.20μg/g,枸杞子中的铜呈现不均匀的浓度分布特征,在组分Ⅱ中浓度最高,组分Ⅳ中浓度最低。