Narrowing broadening and shifting parameters for R(2) and P(14) lines in the HCl fundamental band perturbed by N2 and rare gases from tunable diode laser spectroscopy

High resolution measurements of room temperature absorption with a controlled tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer have been made for R(2) and P(14) lines in the HCl fundamental band perturbed by N₂, Xe, Ar and He at pressures lower than one atmosphere. Pressure broadening, shift and collisional narrowing parameters have been extracted by least-squares fitting of several collisional profiles to the spectra. Asymmetries are observed for P(14) broadened by Xe at the lowest pressures and attributed to correlations between velocity- and phase-changing collisions.     

Mode field profile and polarization dependence of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Mode field profiles and polarization dependence in the CO₂-laser-notched long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) were investigated in detail. Asymmetric field profile was demonstrated in the 2- and 3-dimensional far field patterns of the CO₂-laser-notched LPFG, which experimentally verifies the previously-presented asymmetry of refractive index modulation within the cross section of the gratings. Polarization dependent loss (PDL) of the LPFG was measured via Mueller matrix method. The maximum PDL of 1.68 dB and the maximum polarization extinction ratio of 1.07 dB are observed in the LPFG.     

Time-Delay Identification Using Multiscale Ordinal Quantifiers

Time-delayed interactions naturally appear in a multitude of real-world systems due to the finite propagation speed of physical quantities. Often, the time scales of the interactions are unknown to an external observer and need to be inferred from time series of observed data. We explore, in this work, the properties of several ordinal-based quantifiers for the identification of time-delays from time series. To that end, we generate artificial time series of stochastic and deterministic time-delay models. We find that the presence of a nonlinearity in the generating model has consequences for the distribution of ordinal patterns and, consequently, on the delay-identification qualities of the quantifiers. Here, we put forward a novel ordinal-based quantifier that is particularly sensitive to nonlinearities in the generating model and compare it with previously-defined quantifiers. We conclude from our analysis on artificially generated data that the proper identification of the presence of a time-delay and its precise value from time series benefits from the complementary use of ordinal-based quantifiers and the standard autocorrelation function. We further validate these tools with a practical example on real-world data originating from the North Atlantic Oscillation weather phenomenon.     

Largest Non-Unique Subgraphs

The reduction number r(G) of a graph G is the maximum integer m≤|E(G)| such that the graphs G−E, E⊆E(G),|E|≤m, are mutually non-isomorphic, i.e., each graph is unique as a subgraph of G. We prove that and show by probabilistic methods that r(G) can come close to this bound for large orders. By direct construction, we exhibit graphs with large reduction number, although somewhat smaller than the upper bound. We also discuss similarities to a parameter introduced by Erdős and Rényi capturing the degree of asymmetry of a graph, and we consider graphs with few circuits in some detail. Supported by a grant from the Danish Natural Science Research Council.     

Electricity market equilibrium under information asymmetry

We study a competitive electricity market equilibrium with two trading stages, day-ahead and real-time. The welfare of each market agent is exposed to uncertainty (here from renewable energy production), while agent information on the probability distribution of this uncertainty is not identical at the day-ahead stage. We show a high sensitivity of the equilibrium solution to the level of information asymmetry and demonstrate economic, operational, and computational value for the system stemming from potential information sharing.     

双面粒子的制备及应用研究进展

双面粒子是指粒子的两个半球表面具有不同组成或性质的微粒.这种各向异性或不对称的结构使其有很广泛的应用,但也使其制备变得困难.近年来已发展了很多制备方法,本文总结了最近几年双面粒子在制备及应用方面的研究进展.     

Delocalization energy probed by asymmetry of Coulomb diamond in double dot system

We present results of measurements of the I–V characteristics of a unique parallel double dot where the current flows vertically but the coupling is lateral. Probed by asymmetry of Coulomb diamonds in the standard double-dot honeycomb stability diagram, we are able to discern in what sequence electrons are added in the two dots.     

Caractérisation et contrôle de l'asymétrie tourbillonnaire autour d'un côneAerodynamic caracteristics and vortex asymmetry control around a circular cone

The structure of the vortex asymetry around a circular cone at high incidence and Reynolds numbers of order 10⁴, is related to the existence of at least four vortices shed from the apex and exhibiting vortex breakdown points correlated with the sign of the lateral force. Control of the lateral force by injection points out three regimes, and not two as usually admitted, corresponding to inversions of the lateral force direction. To cite this article: O. Rodriguez, J. Pruvost, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Combined effects of particle interaction and nonlinear sweep on Landau-Zener transition

We investigate the Landau-Zener transition (LZT) of a two-level system with two types of nonlinearity: particle interaction and nonlinear time-dependent energy sweep, both numerically and analytically. Due to the interplay between these two types of nonlinearity, many interesting phenomena in different parameter regions occur, including breakdown of adiabaticity, fade-out of interference phenomenon, and asymmetry of transition probability. The potential experimental observation of transition dynamics in this system is suggested.     

比热和直流磁化率证明N+H…O-氢键的电子自旋翻转在D-和L-丙氨酸单晶中的不对称相变

为了解决D-和L-丙氨酸在约270K相变的分岐和机理,对其单晶、多晶粉末及原料利用微分扫描量热仪测定比热.用三线法以蓝宝石作校正,并与手册的D-和L-丙氨酸标准比热值比较.在单晶中,实验观察到吸热相变峰最高处时的温度及热焓为:D-丙氨酸,Tc=272.02K,△H=1.87J·mol-1;L-丙氨酸,Tc=271.85K,△H=1.46J·mol-1;热焓差为0.41J·mol-1.参比晶体D-缬氨酸,Tc=273.59K,△H=1.75J·mol-1;L-缬氨酸,Tc=273.76K,△H=1.57J·mol-1;热焓差为0.18J·mol-1.实验发现已测量过的单晶磨成多晶粉末后再测,相变峰消失.说明相变与晶格有关.变温中子衍射排除了D→L的构型相变,但发现N+H…O-氢键沿D-和L-丙氨酸单晶的c轴反向变化.变温偏振拉曼散射反映相变机制与N+H…O-中电子的轨道磁偶极矩相关,观察到偏振光的不对称散射.在外加磁场强度H为+1T和-1T下,变温测定D-和L-丙氨酸晶体的直流磁化率,证明在270K有电子自旋翻转的相变.电子自旋的向上或向下,取决于晶格中NH+3的扭曲振动及N+H…O-氢键沿晶体c轴的方向.由于自旋的定轴性,可以解释单晶和多晶粉末比热结果的分岐.