Online deposition measurement and slag bubble behavior in the reduction zone of pulverized coal staged combustion

An online thermogravimetric measurement method of ash deposition was developed. Ash deposition and slag bubble in the reductive zone of pulverized coal staged combustion were investigated. Firstly, a steady pulverized coal staged combustion was achieved in an electrically heated down-fired furnace. Additionally, gas species, coal conversion, and particle size distribution were quantitatively measured. Secondly, real-time ash deposition rates at different temperatures (1100–1400 °C) were measured, and deposition samples were carefully collected with an N₂ protection method. The morphologies of collected samples were investigated through a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the deposited ash transformed from a porous layer composed of loosely bound particles to a solid layer formed by molten slag. Different behaviors of the slag bubble were observed, and bubble sizes were significantly affected by the deposition temperature. A deposition and bubble formation mechanism was proposed and used for modeling. Results showed that the proposed model well predicted the observed ash deposition and bubble formation process.     

木麻黄树皮的原位固化制备及其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

通过醛与单宁等的反应使木麻黄树皮中单宁等组分原位固化,并考察了原位固化木麻黄树皮（YGMS）对稀水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。 研究结果表明,当m（甲醛）∶m（树皮）=1∶20、m（乙二醛）∶m（树皮）=1∶4和m（戊二醛）∶m（树皮）=3∶25时,固化树皮收率达到95%以上。 YGMS对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随溶液pH值的增大而减小,溶液pH=2.01时吸附量最大。 随温度升高YGMS对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增大。 用甲醛、乙二醛或戊二醛原位固化的木麻黄树皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量分别为68.0、83.3和82.0 mg/g。 YGMS对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量越大,其拟二级速率常数越小。     

低温陈化粉煤灰负载SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的制备与表征

固体超强酸的研制是近二十年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一。尤其是近几年，研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂，常以ZrO2为主体，引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂，这方面的研究者颇多，但所获得的催化剂的催化活性尚不能令人满意，催化剂的储存稳定性和重复使用性能方面也还存在一些问题，以致于使其推广应用受到了限制。为了解决这些问题，     

烟草灰分、总挥发酸和总挥发碱的近红外光谱分析

应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)结合近红外光谱(NIR)对烟草灰分(ash)、总挥发酸(TVA)和总挥发碱(TVB)建立校正模型。烟草灰分、总挥发酸和总挥发碱模型相关系数分别为0.97312、0.96220和0.98050;均方预测残差(RMSECV)分别为0.41227、0.00688和0.09790;预测范围分别为1.74~31.31、0.0570~0.2336和0.042~1.136;通过对模型进行t-检验,在显著性水平大于0.05的条件下,其预测结果与行业标准方法的测定结果对比,结果令人满意。     

An attempt to analyze the bark disease in Havea brasiliensis using X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy

The X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) technique has been used to determine the chemical change of elements induced by bark diseases in Havea brasiliensis (rubber latex tree). The results show the good sensitivity of in situ XANES for characterizing the chemical structure of phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and calcium in healthy and diseased Havea brasiliensis. Important information for understanding the bark disease involved in the sulfur metabolism of plants was also obtained from XANES.     

固相萃取/毛细管气相色谱法测定肉桂皮中六六六、滴滴涕农药残留量

研究了肉桂皮中六六六、滴滴涕农药残留量的测定方法。以丙酮-石油醚混合溶剂为提取剂,旋涡振荡提取,采用固相萃取技术对提取液净化,优化洗脱溶剂的比例和用量,用气相色谱/微电子捕获检测器（μECD）测定。在优化条件下,BHC及DDT农药在10~1 000 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.995 8~0.998 1。2种农药在肉桂皮中的加标回收率为 92.1%~112%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.8%~8.1%,方法的检出限（LODs）为5.0×10-3~2.4×10-2 mg?kg-1,定量下限（LOQs）为1.3×10-2~6.0×10-2 mg?kg-1。方法具有简单、灵敏、选择性高、重现性好等优点。     

两种树皮热解微晶结构及生物油组分对比

以针叶材杉木树皮和阔叶材桉木树皮为原料,利用X射线衍射 (XRD) 对两种树皮热解前后固体颗粒微晶结构的变化进行了比较,利用气质联用 (GC-MS)、凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 等手段对两种树皮生物油组分进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种树皮中的纤维结构及脂肪链结构在热解过程中发生了分解,基本被破坏。杉木树皮和桉木树皮生物油主要组分相似,含有酸类、酮类、酚类、醇类、醛类、糖类、酯类等类物质,但相对含量存在差异;桉木树皮相对杉木树皮热解生成了较多的酸类、酮类物质,而酚类、醇类、糖类物质相对较少。两种树皮生物油中酚类物质占有较大的比例,以苯酚和邻苯二酚为主。两种树皮生物油主要物质分子量集中在300~500 g/mol,但桉木树皮生物油中分子量在300~500 g/mol的相对含量 (48.18%) 相比杉木树皮 (61.14%) 较少。     

New manglanostenoic acids from the stem bark of Mangifera indica var. “Fazli”

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica variety “Fazli” yielded four new lanostene-type triterpenic acids characterised as 3-oxo-lanost-cis-1,24-diene-27-oic acid (2), 3-oxo-lanost-cis-1,5,8,20(22)-tetra-ene-27-oic acid (3), 3-oxo-lanost-1,7,20(22)-triene-13,14-seco-27-oic acid (4) and 3-oxo-lanosta-cis-1,5,24-trien-27-oic acid (5) along with the known compound 3-oxo-lanost-cis-1,20(22)-diene-27-oic acid (1). The structures of these phytoconstituents have been elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical reactions.     

Horizontal attenuated total reflection applied to simultaneous determination of ash and protein contents in commercial wheat flour

Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to generate various models for the determination of both the protein and the ash contents of wheat flours by using spectroscopic data in the mid-infrared region obtained with a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) accessory. One hundred samples of wheat flour were used as purchased in the market: 55 for constructing the calibration model and 45 as external samples. The protein content varied between 8.85 and 13.23% and the ash content, between 0.330 and 1.287%, as determined by reference methods. Raw spectra and those corrected by multiplicative signal correction (MSC), first and second derivative spectra, were used as data for building the models. Different pre-treatments, such as mean centered and/or variance scaled (VS) methods, were tested and compared. Very good models were built as judged by the correlation coefficients (R²), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) that were obtained. Best results were achieved with MSC treated spectra.