烧结温度和升温速率对Pb(Sb1/3Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48O3压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Pb(Sb1/3 Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48 O3 (PMS-PZT)压电陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM和EDS等研究PMS-PZT陶瓷体系在烧结过程中形成的过渡液相和形成过渡液相温度(1100℃)附近的升温速率对陶瓷结构、压电和介电性能的影响.结果表明:不同烧结温度下,所有样品均为单一的钙钛矿四方相,过渡液相不会对相的结构有影响,但是当烧结温度较低时,过渡液相在烧结后期以玻璃相在晶界附近富集,对陶瓷的压电和介电性能有很大影响.随着烧结温度和升温速率的升高,PMS-PZT晶粒尺寸增大,晶粒均匀性和规则性得以改善,晶化质量得到提高;d33测试和阻抗分析测试结果表明PMS-PZT样品在1100℃附近以7 ℃·min-1升温速率并在1250℃烧结时具有最好的压电和介电性能:d33 =313 C/N,kp=0.59,Qm=1481,εr=1437,tanδ=0.53;.     

密闭高温高压溶样ICP-MS测定24个国际地质标样中的Sb和Bi

研究了ICP-MS分析中Bi,Sb,Te和As产生的记忆效应,其记忆效应Bi>Sb>Te>As。在低浓度硝酸介质中(0.01%～1%),贮存样品的聚丙烯瓶和ICP-MS的进样管道会对Bi元素产生严重的吸附作用。0.1%氢氟酸的清洗效果优于6%的硝酸,而6%的硝酸的清洗效果要优于0.1%高氯酸。在给定的仪器操作条件下,Sb和Bi的检出限分别为0.001和0.000 1 ng·mL-1。采用该清洗方法,结合密闭高温高压溶样,测定了24个国际地质标样中的Bi和Sb。大部分标样的测定结果与已有参考值吻合较好。文章还给出了国际标样AGV-2(安山岩)、BHVO-2(玄武岩)和BCR-2(玄武岩)中Bi和Sb的测定值。     

Isobaric analogue resonances in71As through proton elastic scattering on70Ge

The analogues of the low-lying levels in⁷¹Ge have been observed as resonances in the compound nucleus⁷¹As through proton elastic scattering on⁷⁰Ge in the energy rangeE _p=3.5 to 5.3 MeV. The excitation functions cover the analogue resonances corresponding to states upto 2.3 MeV excitation in⁷¹Ge. The sub-structures in the 5.06 MeV resonance, first observed by Temmer and co-workers have been confirmed in the present experiment. The present investigation reveals similar sub-structures in the 4.13 MeV resonance lending further support to the existence of intermediate structure near an isobaric analogue resonance. The resonance parameters and the spectroscopic factors (for the corresponding parent states) have been extracted. The results are compared with the information available from the⁷⁰Ge(d, p)⁷¹Ge reaction.     

A low-temperature electron diffraction study of structural disorder and its relationship to the Kondo effect in ThAsSe

A low-temperature electron diffraction study has been carried out on ThAsSe to search for evidence of structural disorder associated with the low-temperature non-magnetic Kondo effect. A highly structured and extremely complex characteristic diffuse intensity distribution has been observed at low temperature and interpreted in terms of a gradual charge density wave type phase transition upon lowering of temperature involving disordered As-As dimerization within (001) planes. Plausible models of the proposed As-As dimerization have been obtained using a group theoretical approach.     

温度对Al0.5Ga0.5As/AlAs分布布喇格反射器的反射谱影响

采用光学传输矩阵理论对Al0.5Ga0.5As/AlAs材料分布布喇格反射器(DBR)进行理论研究,分析了－10℃到100℃的范围内,温度变化对不同DBR结构的反射光谱影响.结果表明：随着温度的升高,传统20周期DBR的反射光谱向长波长方向移动,速率约0.05 nm/℃,其中由线热膨胀系数带来的影响小于0.001 nm/℃.当传统DBR的周期数增大时,温度对DBR光谱反射率的影响在减小,同时DBR的反射谱峰值波长发生红移.为了降低温度对DBR反射光谱的影响,提出一种新型的复式DBR结构.分析指出：该复式DBR比传统DBR有更大的反射光谱半峰宽,基本能覆盖同温度的AlGaInP LED电致发光光谱,这对提高LED的出光效率有现实意义.     

第一原理计算在铁(镍)基超导体中的应用

铁(镍)基超导体的发现引起了凝聚态物理界的广泛兴趣和关注.第一原理计算以其快速、准确等优点在铁(镍)基超导研究过程中做出了巨大贡献.文章主要介绍了第一原理计算在该研究领域所取得的成果,其中包括电子结构计算,磁性基态的寻找和解释,声子谱和电声子耦合,以及关联效应在该类材料中的作用等.文章还简略介绍了目前的研究现状以及存在的问题,分析了未来的研究方向和可能的解决办法.     

用电沉积法制备稀土填充热电材料Bi_2Sb_3Re_x

分别以脉冲电沉积法和直流电沉积法制备了稀土填充热电材料Bi2Sb3Rex(Re=Ce,Nd)。结果表明,采用脉冲电沉积法,在通断脉宽为Ton=10ms(电流1A),Toff=40ms(电流0A),电流密度2000A.m-2,电沉积时间180s的条件下制得的电沉积膜Bi2Sb3Ce2,表面均匀、光滑、致密;在通断脉宽为Ton=0.4ms(电流1A),Toff=2.4ms(电流0A),电流密度2800A.m-2,电沉积时间120s,占空比为0.142的条件下制得的电沉积膜Bi2Sb3Nd0.1,表面均匀、光滑、致密。     

As(III) Determination in the Presence of Pb(II) by Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry

Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry (DAPV), introduced by the authors earlier, was applied with HMDE for direct As(III) determination in the presence of Pb(II) in natural water without sample pretreatment. Distinguishable peaks of As(III) and Pb(II) were registered in 1 M HCl supporting electrolyte at a concentration ratio as high as 1 : 6, while complete peak overlapping occurs applying DPP at any concentration ratio at the same experimental conditions. In‐situ As(III) determinations in the presence of Pb(II) in contaminated ground waters in Mexico were performed, using especially designed disposable safe mercury drop electrodes.     

桤木锯末对废水中As3+的吸附特性

研究了桤木锯末对水中As3+的吸附特性,并探讨了pH、温度、Hg2+对水中As3+吸附率的影响.结果表明,实验条件下锯末对As3+的最佳吸附pH为4.0--6.0,最佳吸附温度为20℃;当Hg2+与As3+同时存在时,增大Hg2+浓度有利于As3+的吸附;桤木锯末对水中As3+的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程.本研究表明,利...