Effect of Temperature on Cononsolvency of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Water/Methanol Mixture

The behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone in mixed water/methanol solvents was studied by rheoviscosimetry over a temperature range of 20°C–40°C. For the lower temperatures of this range, the intrinsic viscosity variation of the polymer vs. methanol molar fraction shows structural transitions (coil–globule–coil). This transition, which is usually attributed to the cononsolvency phenomenon, agrees with our previously published results obtained by dynamic light scattering. For higher temperatures, near 40°C, the intrinsic viscosity increase shows an expansion of the polymer over the alcohol molar fraction range 0.2 < X _A < 0.5. This last result can be attributed to the water/alcohol complex destruction under temperature increase. The “excess viscosity” of the polymer-mixed solvents vanishes with increasing temperature and becomes positive at 40°C. So, the polymer chain tends to transit from a globular to an ideal chain in the middle composition range of the mixed solvents.     

ON THE MIXED PROBLEMS IN AN EIASTIC PIANE WITH PERIODIC CRACKS

ＯＮＴＨＥＭＩＸＥＤＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＩＮＡＮＥＩＡＳＴＩＣＰＩＡＮＥＷＩＴＨＰＥＲ１ＯＤＩＣＣＲＡＣＫＳＺｈｅｎｇＫｅ（郑可）（ＷｕｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）ＯＮＴＨＥＭＩＸＥＤＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＩＮＡＮＥＩＡＳＴＩＣＰＩＡＮＥＷＩＴＨＰＥＲ１ＯＤＩ...     

含k-次增生算子的非线性方程的迭代程序

建立了一般Banach空间中含k-次增生算子的非线性方程的带混合误差的Ishikawa迭代序列的强收敛性的一般性定理,所得的是任卫云等和LIU Li-shan等于最近得到的主要结果的多方面的拓广和改进,且所用方法不同于他们．     

人工扰动电离层仿真系统的设计与实现

设计并开发了一种人工扰动电离层仿真系统．建立了数值模型，规划出系统总体构造，在实现过程中引入VC、VF混合编程的概念，以达到两种语言优势互补的目的．文中详细论述了VC、VF混合编程对于数据的处理，生成Fortran的动态链接库，以及在VC中调用生成库的技术．通过仿真模拟，得出了电离层加热过程中电子密度、电子温度等随时间演化的规律，及发射电波频率、功率对加热效果的影响．试用证明，该系统有效地模拟了电离层人工扰动的状态，为在我国实施加热工程提供了可靠的科学依据．     

丙烯酰胺在聚乙二醇水溶液中聚合初期的液滴形成与成长过程

用动态激光光散射(DLS)在线观测了丙烯酰胺(AM)在聚乙二醇(PEG)水溶液中聚合初期液滴的出现、生长及聚并过程,考察了PEG分子量和浓度对聚合初期液滴尺寸的影响;用透射电镜(TEM)对聚合初期液滴形态的演变进行了观察,发现与DLS结果能很好吻合.用分光光度计对聚合体系分相点进行确定,采用溴化法测定了聚合体系临界分相时的转化率.随PEG分子量或浓度的升高,临界分相转化率逐渐减小;随温度的升高,临界分相转化率先减小后增大,在50℃左右出现最小值.用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合体系临界分相时聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的分子量进行了研究,变化趋势与临界分相转化率的变化一致.在上述基础上,提出了AM在PEG水溶液中聚合初期的液滴形成、成长机理.     

Sonozonation: Enhancing the antimicrobial efficiency of aqueous ozone washing techniques on cherry tomato

Ultrasound requires high power and longer treatment times to inactivate microorganisms when compared to ultrasound combined with other technologies. Also, the antimicrobial efficiency of aqueous ozone increases with an increase in its concentration and exposure time, but with a detrimental effect on the quality of the treated food. In this study, the effect of aqueous ozone at low concentration, multi-mode frequency irradiation and their combination on microbial safety and nutritional quality of cherry tomato was investigated. Individual washing with aqueous ozone and mono-mode frequency irradiation resulted in <1 log CFU/g reduction in the spoilage microorganisms, while dual-mode frequency irradiation (DMFI) resulted in higher microbial reduction (1.3–2.6 1 log CFU/g). The combined system (20/40 kHz + aqueous ozone) on the other hand, resulted in >3 log CFU/g microbial reduction. The application of DMFI enhanced the antimicrobial efficiency of aqueous ozone without any detrimental effect on the physicochemical properties (except the firmness), bioactive compounds, and antioxidants of the cherry tomato during 21 days refrigerated storage. The result obtained indicates the promising substitute to the single washing technique for microbial safety as well as preserving the nutritional quality and enhancing the shelf life of cherry tomato.     

Investigation of electrochemical performance of MgNiO2 prepared by sol-gel synthesis route for aqueous-based supercapacitor application

In this work, we have successfully synthesized MgNiO₂ using a sol-gel wet chemical synthesis technique named MNO - 3. Electrochemical measurements in the presence of aqueous 1 M Li₂SO₄ electrolyte indicate that MNO - 3 samples exhibit a capacitance value of about 30 F/g and an energy density of about 20 Wh/kg. Subsequently, in the experiment involving aqueous 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte system, it has been found that the capacitance for MNO - 3 sample is about 34 F/g and the energy density is about 23 Wh/kg for MNO - 3 sample. Finally, in the presence of aqueous-based 1 M Mg(ClO₄)₂ electrolyte, MNO - 3 sample is found to exhibit a capacitance of about 26 F/g and an energy density of about 17 Wh/kg, respectively. In all three electrolyte systems, the MNO -3 sample exhibit a long cycle capacitance retention of greater than 85% for 1000 charge-discharge cycles.     

Three-dimensional mixed convection flow with variable thermal conductivity and frictional heating

In this article,three-dimensional mixed convection flow over an exponentially stretching sheet is investigated.Energy equation is modelled in the presence of viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity.Temperature of the sheet is varying exponentially and is chosen in a form that facilitates the similarity transformations to obtain self-similar equations.Resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically employing the Runge-Kutta shooting method.In order to check the accuracy of the method,these equations are also solved using bvp4c built-in routine in Matlab.Both solutions are in excellent agreement.The effects of physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity field and temperature are demonstrated through various graphs.The novelty of this analysis is the self-similar solution of the threedimensional boundary layer flow in the presence of mixed convection,viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity.     

An approximate solution considering flow inertia between spherical surfaces

In this paper, the analytical expressions of the pressure distribution, velocity distribution and discharge of the flow between spherical surfaces are found by using the method of iterative approximate solution when the inertia terms of Navier-Stokes equations in spherical coordinates are taken into consideration. Furthermore, using these expressions, we can directly obtain the corresponding analytical expressions of the laminar radial flow between parallel disks, which are fully identical with corresponding results presented by refs. [3,4].     

Solution of bending of cantilever rectangular plates under uniform surface-load by the method of two-direction trigonometric series

The bending of a cantilever rectangular plate is a very complicated problem in thetheory of plates.For a long time,there have been only approximate solutions for thisproblem by energy methods and numerical methods.since 1979,Prof.F.V.Chang of Tsing Hua University obtained,by the method ofsuperposition,a series of analytic solutions for cantilever rectangular plates under uniformload and concentrated load.In this paper,the two-direction trigonometric series is used to obtain the solution forthe bending of cantilever rectangular plates under uniform load.The obtained results arecompared with the results by the method of superposition.The comparison shows that theresults of these two methods are in good agreement,hence they are mutually confirmed to becorrect.