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81.
Peter Kunstadt P. Eng Colyn Steeves Daniel Beaulieu P. Eng 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》1993,42(1-3)
The number of products being radiation processed worldwide is constantly increasing and today includes such diverse items as medical disposables, fruits and vegetables, spices, meats, seafoods and waste products. This range of products to be processed has resulted in a wide range of irradiator designs and capital and operating cost requirements.This paper discusses the economics of low dose food irradiation applications and the effects of various parameters on unit processing costs. It provides a model for calculating specific unit processing costs by correlating known capital costs with annual operating costs and annual throughputs. It is intended to provide the reader with a general knowledge of how unit processing costs are derived. 相似文献
82.
Jian-binSong Min-qiaoRen Qing-yongChen Shu-yunWang Qing-xiangZhao Hong-fangZhang 莫志深 《高分子科学》2004,(5):491-496
Based on the X-ray scattering intensity theory and using the approximate expression for the atomic scattering factor, the correction factors for three crystalline peaks and an amorphous peak of Nylon 1212 were calculated and the formula of degree of crystallinity of Nylon 1212 was derived by a graphic multipeak resolution method. The degree of crystallinity calculated from the WAXD method is compatible with those obtained by density and calorimetry methods. 相似文献
83.
With the aid of a model for the kinetics of polymer crystallization, as put forward in previous publications, the shape of DSC-curves and their position on the temperature scale were simulated for various conditions of heat transfer in the apparatus. It turns out that the outcome is very dependent on the assumptions made with respect to these heat transfer conditions. For the ideal condition — no temperature differences between sample, pan and furnace — an invariable shape is predicted for the DSC-curves. They only shift to lower temperatures with increasing cooling rates. For more realistic conditions, the curves not only shift but become broader and their maxima decrease. They show a more familiar appearance. These calculations are very involved, however, A simple balance equation is shown to yield equivalent results, if a dimensionless characteristic number like the Nusselt number remains considerably smaller than one. This number contains an effective heat transfer coefficient between sample and furnace which, surprisingly, should not be too high. Apparently, the heat capacity of the pan does not play an important role under these conditions. This is investigated in Appendix II. Appendix I describes the procedure of the numerical simulations. 相似文献
84.
J. Orbán Sz. Halasi G. Papp Szilvia Barkó Beáta Bugyi 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,82(1):287-290
Summary The thermodynamic properties of the cardiac and skeletal a-actin isoforms were studied to characterize the molecular bases
of the functional differences between them with the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal properties
of the actin filaments were described in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions as well. Based on the calculated free
energy changes the α-cardiac actin filaments appeared to be more stable in its physiologically more relevant, magnesium saturated
form. The magnesium saturated form of the α-cardiac actin filaments seemed to be more stable compared to the calcium saturated
form of it. The enthalpy and entropy changes could differentiate between the α-cardiac and α-skeletal actin isoforms and between
the calcium and magnesium saturated cardiac actin isoforms as well. Our results can demonstrate that the few differences between
the amino acid sequences of the α-actin isoforms have an influence on the thermal properties and maybe on the function of
these proteins as well. 相似文献
85.
光声量热法测定辅酶B12的光解量子产率 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
时间可分辨的光声最热法(Time-resolvedphotoacousticcalorimetry;简称PAC)是研究脉冲激光诱发的快速光化学和光生物化学反应过程动力学和热力学信息的一种有效方法[1-5]。本文采用压电陶瓷圆管同时作为样品油和换能器组成的PAC探测系统[6],以波长λ=355nm的脉冲激光(脉冲宽度8ns,脉冲重复频率10Hz)为光源激发辅酶B12甲醇溶液;研究其解量子产率,获得了满意的结果.1实验被测溶液注入两端用石英玻璃封口的压电陶瓷圆管内腔,激光束透过石英窗照射溶液(如图]所示)为标定被测样品的非辐射放热量,利用能在极短的时间内(<l… 相似文献
86.
A calorimetric study has been carried out on the dissociation processes in water of both the free α-amino group belonging
to the amino terminal residue and the free α-carboxyl groups belonging to the carboxyl terminal residue for a series having
phenylalanine as the first common term.
These thermodynamic quantities have been compared with those of the proton dissociation processes related to the same groups
of the corresponding singleα-amino acids. The dissociation process values of this series have also been considered in connection
with those obtained from others series of dipeptides previously studied, in an effort to compare the alkyl groups and benzene
ring hydrophobic effects on the salvation processes of the zwitterions, undissociated molecules and ionic forms.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
87.
The influence of microporous carbon surface oxidation on energetics of methane adsorption at 308 K is discussed. Obtained adsorption heats and integral molar entropies of the adsorbate show that microporous carbon surface oxidation changes the methane adsorption process. This is probably resulted by the existence of an endothermic effect during adsorption in oxidized carbon micropores. 相似文献
88.
Using our technique of combustion of small amount of a substance, we determined by calorimetry the standard molar enthalpy of formation in the condensed state and atT=298.15 K of the three isomers of bromo and iodobenzoic acids. Associating to these values their standard molar enthalpies of sublimation previously measured, it was possible to determine their standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous state and atT=298.15 K. The experimental values of the thermodynamic properties f
H
m
o
(cr, 298.15 K), f
H
m
o
(cr, 298.15 K), sub
H
m
o
(298.15 K), and f
H
m
o
(g, 298.15 K) are given for the two series. From the experimental value of the standard molar enthalpy of atomization, it was possible to determine an enthalpy value for the Cb-Br and Cb-I bonds. The experimental and theoretical values of the resonance energy of bromo and iodobenzoic acids are compatible. The relative stability of some monosubstituted derivatives of benzoic acid studied in our laboratory is also discussed.Part I is concerned with Ref. 22 (for bromobenzoic acids) and with Ref. 23 (for iodobenzoic acids). 相似文献
89.
Maschio G. Feliu J. A. Ligthart J. Ferrara I. Bassani C. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1999,58(1):201-214
Adiabatic calorimetry is a technique that has been introduced as an important approach to hazard evaluation of exothermically reactive systems. In this paper the free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been studied. One of the most important aspects of MMA polymerization is its exothermicity and autoaccelerating behaviour, these characteristics can generate the occurrence of a runaway reaction.In a runaway situation the reacting system is close to adiabatic behaviour because it is unable to eliminate the heat that is being generated. An even worse situation can be reproduced in the laboratory with the Phi-Tec pseudo-adiabatic calorimeter. Process design parameters that are usually calculated from thermodynamic data or using semiempirical rules, such as adiabatic temperature rise or maximum attainable pressure, can be directly determined.The existence of the ceiling temperature has been experimentally demonstrated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
90.
Cengiz Soykan Ramazan Coskun Ali Delibas Ertan Sahin 《高分子科学》2007,(5):491-500
2-Acrylamido-2-methy1-1-propanesulfonic acid(AMPS),and maleic acid(MA)copolymerized with different feed ratios using N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent and benzoyl peroxide(Bz_2O_2)as an initiator at 70℃.Structure and composition of copolymers for a wide range of monomer feed were determined by elemental analysis(content of N for AMPS-units).Monomer reactivity ratios for AMPS(M_1)-MA(M_2)pair were determined by the application of conventional linearization methods such as Fineman-Ross(F-R),Kelen-Tüd(?)s(KT)and Extended Kelen-Tüds(EKT)and a nonlinear error invariable model method using a computer program RREVM.The characterizations were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)thermal gravimetry analysis(TGA),and and X-ray diffraction.The antimicrobial effects of polymers were also tested on various bacteria,and yeast. 相似文献