Efficient Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes through 4f-2p-3d Gradient Orbital Coupling Mediated Fenton-Like Redox Processes

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) mediated radical and nonradical active substances can synergistically achieve the efficient elimination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, enhancing interface electron cycling and optimizing the coupling of the oxygen-containing intermediates to improve PMS activation kinetics remains a major challenge. Here, Co doped CeVO₄ catalyst (Co−CVO) with asymmetric sites was constructed based on Ce 4f−O 2p−Co 3d gradient orbital coupling. The catalyst achieved approximately 2.51×10⁵ copies/mL of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) removal within 15 minutes, exhibited ultrahigh degradation rate (k=1.24 min⁻¹). The effective gradient 4f-2p-3d orbital coupling precisely regulates the electron distribution of Ce−O−Co active center microenvironment, while optimizing the electronic structure of Co 3d states (especially the occupancy of e_g), promoting the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates. The generated radical and nonradical generated by interfacial electron cycling enhanced by the reduction reaction of PMS at the Ce site and the oxidation reaction at the Co site achieved a significant mineralization rate of ARGs (83.4 %). The efficient removal of ARGs by a continuous flow reactor for 10 hours significantly reduces the ecological risk of ARGs in actual wastewater treatment.     

Total synthesis of Met10-teixobactin

The total synthesis of cyclic depsipeptide Met₁₀-teixobactin in solution-phase is described. Teixobactin is a structurally and mechanistically novel antimicrobial peptidic natural product with very impressive activities against Gram-positive pathogens. It happens to possess an l-allo-enduracididine (End) residue as part of macrocyclic ring which is not readily accessible. In this report, we have used serine ligation strategy as the key step to prepare an analogue of teixobactin where End being replaced with a readily available amino acid methionine.     

活性污泥中抗性细菌筛选及拉曼光谱检测

抗生素制药废水是污水处理中比较难处理的废水。抗生素与微生物作用的机理研究对于解决抗生素废水处理问题具有重要意义。拉曼光谱作为一种对样品无损,非侵入型,并且对水不敏感的检测手段,已越来越多地用于生物、医学的研究。从普通污水处理反应器的活性污泥里通过涂布法和平板划线法分离得到了4株对头孢他啶具有抗性的菌株,研究了其对头孢他啶的降解效果,降解率最高达45.44%。采用16S rRNA基因测序进行菌种鉴定,得到这些菌种分别属于气单胞菌属,芽孢杆菌属和红球菌属。对筛选出的细菌进行不同条件下拉曼光谱测定,探讨了细菌拉曼光谱的测试条件,结果显示CaF₂是测定生物样品拉曼光谱时效果最好的基底。通过拉曼光谱技术和主成分分析法对菌种进行了差异分析,提取了三个主成分,累积荷载达到83.9%。其中,第一主成分主要包括 748,1 003和1 126 cm-1等比较明显的峰位,第二主成分包括1 661和1 448 cm-1,第三主成分只有855 cm-1。本研究利用拉曼光谱对活性污泥筛选的抗性菌株进行生物大分子的差异表征,通过拉曼光谱对抗性菌种进行了较好的区分,与基因测序的结果相吻合,证明了拉曼光谱用于抗生素废水生物处理作用机理研究的可行性及优越性。     

某兽药抗生素废水的荧光水质指纹特征

以某兽药抗生素废水为例,研究了基于三维荧光光谱的水质指纹(简称水纹)技术用于揭示废水有机成分性质的可行性。该废水具有4个典型水纹峰,峰的激发波长/发射波长分别为225/345,275/345,325/405和405/470 nm,编号A,B,C和D,各峰强度关系B>A>C>D。其中A峰和B峰的荧光强度较高,分别为(0.64±0.21)和(0.99±0.30) R.U,线性相关系数为0.95,且发射波长相同,很可能是同一种物质产生的。各水纹峰强度与COD都有明显的正相关性,线性相关系数R2达到0.66～0.70。C峰对应的有机物部分降解或降解速率较低,而其余3个水纹峰对应的有机物可以被较好降解。出水中新出现的荧光峰260/425 nm可能是废水微生物处理过程中新生成的腐殖质。上述研究表明,该兽药抗生素制药废水具有独特的水纹特征,水质指纹鉴别技术可以作为水体中识别该废水存在的新方法,水纹信息还可以反映废水有机物总量和有机成分的性质,对难降解废水的处理设计和运行均有一定价值。     

蒽环类抗肿瘤抗生素与DNA作用差异性的光谱电化学研究

利用在线紫外一可见光谱电化学技术、微分脉冲伏安法及琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术考察了柔红霉素、表阿霉素、阿克拉霉素、伊达比星与DNA的作用。实验表明,药物与DNA形成复合物的稳定性主要取决于药物的糖环与DNA之问的作用,糖苷配基上取代基与DNA形成氢键也有一定影响。另外,DNR在还原代谢过程中最易产生半醌自由基。     

Highly Emissive Metal-Organic Frameworks for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Nitrofuran and Quinolone Antibiotics

The overuse of antibiotics makes its detection very significant for human health. New facile methods and high-performance sensory materials will be urgently needed for detection of antibiotics. Unfortunately, there are few reports on fluorescence enhancement of antibiotics detection. Herein, based on the modulability of the coordination mode, we proposed two MOFs with different coordination modes based on different metal ions: Zn-MOF ( 1 ) and Cd-MOF ( 2 ). The fluorescence of 1 and 2 can be efficiently and selectively quenched by nitrofuran antibiotics (nitrofurazone, NFZ and furazolidone, FZD) and chloramphenicol (CAP), respectively. Particularly, the matched energy levels between 2 and enrofloxacin (ENR) enables 2 with turn-on sensing for ENR. Moreover, apart from the sensitivity and selectivity, 1 and 2 also have strong recyclable ability, fast response time and anti-interference ability, which make them great potential sensory materials to detect antibiotics.     

Sonochemical processes for the degradation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions: A review

Antibiotic residues in water are general health and environmental risks due to the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon. Sonication has been included among the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to remove recalcitrant contaminants in aquatic environments. Sonochemical processes have shown substantial advantages, including cleanliness, safety, energy savings and either negligible or no secondary pollution. This review provides a wide overview of the different protocols and degradation mechanisms for antibiotics that either use sonication alone or in hybrid processes, such as sonication with catalysts, Fenton and Fenton-like processes, photolysis, ozonation, etc.     

Effect of graphitic carbon nitride powders on adsorption removal of antibiotic resistance genes from water

There is a growing need to eliminate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment and mitigate widespread antibiotic resistance. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was successfully synthesized via facile thermal polymerization approach and its potential for adsorption treatment of ARGs in water was examined. Batch adsorption experimental results revealed that g-C₃N₄ powders had robust adsorption activity for the gene ampC and ermB. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were systematically investigated to explain the adsorption mechanism. The apparent adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 180 min. The adsorption process effectively removed ARGs (ampC and ermB) from water with 3.2 log and 4.2 log reductions, respectively. In addition, experimental data were analyzed by several models and simulated well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model. It indicated that adsorption process might be dominated by the chemical rate-limiting step. Moreover, the effects of temperature and pH on the removal of ARGs were conducted and the isoelectric point (IEP) was obtained. Finally, we have demonstrated that the g-C₃N₄ is a novel adsorbent and can be used as column packing to remove ARGs by filtration.     

High-resolution surface plasmon resonance sensors based on a dove prism

Wavelength interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy using a dove prism combines a simple and inexpensive optical design with high-resolution refractive index monitoring and biosensing. A BK7 dove prism inverts an optical image with a total internal reflection angle of 72.8°, an angle active in SPR. Hence, a unique system can accomplish SPR biosensing using wavelength interrogation and also perform SPR imaging. This optical configuration advantageously uses a single axis optical path between each optical component, simplifying the optical design of SPR instruments without compromise of the analytical performance. Fluidics were also incorporated to the instrument design for efficient sample delivery. The SPR instrument is characterized in terms of refractive index (RI) sensitivity, RI resolution, reproducibility, and application for monitoring low concentration biological events. Data analysis methodologies are compared for improved resolution of the measured response. Raw data analyzed using a minimum hunting procedure results in RI resolution in the 10⁻⁶ range, while pre-treating data with singular value decomposition improves the resolution by one order of magnitude. Depending on the spectrophotometer employed, the RI range accessible can be easily tuned; examples with a 550-850 nm and a 550-1100 nm spectrophotometers are shown and results respectively in RI ranges of 1.32-1.39 RIU and 1.32-1.42 RIU. Monitoring of μM concentration of β-lactamase is performed using the wavelength interrogation configuration of the biosensor. Finally, a SPR image of a surface with a water droplet (volume = 500 nL) was obtained using the dove prism SPR with a band pass filter and a CCD camera. SPR using a dove prism configuration combines advantages of portable SPR instruments, SPR imagers and research-grade SPR instruments in a unique platform.     

Trace analysis of cefotaxime at carbon paste electrode modified with novel Schiff base Zn(II) complex

Cefotaxime a third generation cephalosporin drug estimation in nanomolar concentration range is demonstrated for the first time in aqueous and human blood samples using novel Schiff base octahedral Zn(II) complex. The cefotaxime electrochemistry is studied over graphite paste and Zn(II) complex modified graphite paste capillary electrodes in H₂SO₄ (pH 2.3) using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Cefotaxime enrichment is observed over Zn(II) complex modified graphite paste electrode probably due to interaction of functional groups of cefotaxime with Zn(II) complex. Possible interactions between metal complex and cefotaxime drug is examined by UV-vis and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques and further supported by voltammetric analysis. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with modified electrode is applied for the determination of cefotaxime in acidified aqueous and blood samples. Cefotaxime estimation is successfully demonstrated in the range of 1-500 nM for aqueous samples and 0.1-100 μM in human blood samples. Reproducibility, accuracy and repeatability of the method are checked by triplicate reading for large number of samples. The variation in the measurements is obtained less than 10% without any interference of electrolyte or blood constituents.