Anaerobic biological treatment of dye bearing water in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: Performance and kinetics studies

Textile and dye industries are main sources of dye bearing effluent. In present studies the anaerobic biological degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye water (AR3BNDW) and mixed dye water (MDW) for reduction of color and COD were studied in sequential batch reactor (SBR). The sludge as sources of microorganism was arranged from maize processing bio methanation wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized for treatment of AR3BNDW and MDW. After the acclimatization, dyes degradation were studied in SBR At optimum operation condition of hydraulics retention time (HRT) = 2.5 d, and treatment time (t_R) = 16 h, AR3BNDW have gone maximum 87% color reduction of 500 mg/L dye, and 82.8% COD reduction of 380 mg/L COD. At same operating condition, 84.5% color reduction of 500 mg/L dye, and 79.42% COD reduction of 413 mg/L COD achieved for MDW. The second order Grau model was fitted well for COD and dye reductions. The kinetics parameter were evaluated for both the dye water.     

用微芯片化学反应器实现酶催化化学发光测定葡萄糖的研究

葡萄糖是临床化学诊断以及食品分析中重要的检测项目 ,最常用的测定方法是采用葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)催化葡萄糖与氧分子间反应 ,生成葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢 [1] ,而对过氧化氢的检测则可采用过氧化酶 (POD)催化鲁米诺的化学发光反应进行 [2 ] .FIA对整个过程的实现是十分有效的方式 ,但由于多采用固定化酶反应器 [3～ 5] 使其在制备及分析上较复杂且费用高 .由 Manz等[6] 提出的微型全分析系统(μ- TAS)在针对不同体系的微量分析及在线监测上均具有突出的优越性 .本文使用的含微混合器的微芯片化学反应器采用μ- TAS设计思想 ,建立了化学发…     

应用纳米零价铁富集银的研究

大量研究表明,纳米零价铁（nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron,nZVI）对水中重金属,尤其是金、银等稀贵金属,有良好的分离富集作用.利用纳米零价铁反应器证明了nZVI可从废水中分离低浓度的银离子（Ag⁺）,并生成高含量的“银矿石”.此外,也证明了反应区氧化还原电位能够反映nZVI与Ag⁺的反应速率和分离效率.利用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜等手段对反应产物进行表征,证实了Ag⁺可被nZVI还原为单质银,并以纳米颗粒的形式（<10 nm）沉积在nZVI表面.与其他材料（常见吸附/还原材料）相比,nZVI具有效率高,受pH影响小的优点.研究结果表明,nZVI是一种能够高效富集痕量银资源并产生高价值纳米银的材料.     

片状催化剂F-T合成宏观动力学

采用固定床积分反应器,在工业条件下,对压片Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｋ催化剂进行了Ｆ－Ｔ合成宏观动力学考查。在稳态下,用集总的方法,在保持一定的轴向温度分布及取其平均温度条件下,求得两组宏观动力学方程,两者分别与实验数据吻合较好,同时两者之间也存在较好的一致性。     

Man-tailored cellulose-based carriers for invertase immobilization

Cellulose-based carriers Granocel were specially prepared and optimised for covalent immobilization of enzymes. The effects of carrier characteristics such as pore size, chemistry of anchor groups and their density on invertase immobilization efficiency were evaluated. It was found that the preferential adsorption/binding of the enzyme to a carrier during coupling and its activity after immobilization depended on microenvironmental effects created by hydrophilic surface of the carrier, functional groups and their activators. The best preparations (activity approx. 300 U/mL, high storage stability) were obtained for NH₂-Granocel activated with glutaraldehyde. It is probably due to Granocel modification with pentaethylenehexamine that gave a 19-atom spacer arm. The enzyme concentration in coupling mixture was optimised as well. The kinetic parameters of sucrose hydrolysis for native and immobilized invertase were evaluated. Compared to the native invertase, K _m value of immobilized enzyme was only twice higher with about three times lower substrate inhibition. Reaction runs in a well mixed batch reactors with native and immobilized invertase showed slightly slower reaction rate in the case of the enzyme covalently bound to Granocel. Very good stability of cellulose-based carrier was proved experimentally by 20 successive reaction runs in a batch reactor.     

光催化-膜分离集成反应器及其应用

 设计了一种新型光催化-陶瓷膜分离集成反应器,在反冲条件下利用此集成反应器进行了甲基橙光催化氧化反应,分别考察了陶瓷膜对光催化剂TiO2微粉的截留率、膜的渗透通量、光催化氧化脱色率以及不同膜分离压力下的光催化反应速率常数. 结果表明,TiO2-甲基橙悬浆液体系中TiO2微粉的截留率可达到99.9%, 经集成反应器完成一个反应周期后甲基橙氧化脱色率达到10%, 光催化氧化脱色效果高于圆柱式反应器.     

渗透汽化型酯化膜反应器研究 聚合物/无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜反应性能

设计了渗透汽化型管式膜反应器,以乙酸丁酯合成反应为探针,考察了Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）／ＰＶＡ,Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）－ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＡ两类聚合物担载无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜催化反应性能。探讨了功能膜的组成,结构,反应条件等对膜反应和分离性能的影响以及同步膜分离过程对反应转化的促进作用。实验结果表明,膜催化酯化反应过程主要是依赖与料液接触侧膜表面层的催化活性,膜的催化活性是影响反应速率,特别是初期反应转化速率的主要因素,后期的超平衡转化则依赖于膜分离过程     

表面活性剂对完全液相法制Cu-Zn-Al浆状催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用完全液相法制备了Cu-Zn-Al双功能浆状催化剂, 利用不同类型表面活性剂对其进行了修饰和改性. 通过N2气吸附、XRD和XPS等方法考察了表面活性剂类型对催化剂织构、物相以及表面性质的影响, 采用浆态床反应装置对其合成气一步法制备二甲醚的催化活性进行了评价, 讨论了催化剂结构与性能的关系. 结果表明, 表面活性剂主要是通过与活性金属的作用调节催化剂的表面性质、孔结构、相结构以及晶粒大小, 进而影响催化剂的催化活性; 非离子表面活性剂总体上对催化剂的性能有促进作用, 阳离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂对催化剂性能存在不利影响; 表面活性剂与活性金属作用的强弱是影响性能的关键.     

Studies of the Methane Steam Reforming Reaction at High Pressure in a Ceramic Membrane Reactor

The effects of temperature and pressure on the steam reforming of methane 3H2+CO) were investigated in a membrane reactor (MR) with a hydrogen permeable membrane. The studies used a novel silica-based membrane prepared by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique with a permeance for H2 of 6.0×l0-8 mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1 at 923 K. The results in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) were compared to those of the membrane reactor at various temperatures (773-923 K) and pressures (1-20 atm, 101.3-2026.5 kPa) using a commercial Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst. The conversion of methane was improved significantly in the MR by the countercurrent removal of hydrogen at all temperatures and allowed product yields higher than the equilibrium to be obtained. Pressure had a positive effect on the hydrogen yield because of the increase in driving force for the permeance of hydrogen. The yield of hydrogen increased with pressure and reached a value of 73×10-6 mol·g-1·s-1 at 2026.5 kPa and 923 K which was higher by 108% than the value of 35×10-6 mol·g-1·s-1 obtained for the equilibrium yield. The results obtained with the silica-based membrane were similar to those obtained with various other membranes as reported in the literature.     

聚乙烯塑料在连续超临界水反应器中的油化研究

在连续超临界水（SCW）反应器中考察了反应温度、停留时间和反应压力对聚乙烯（PE）降解油化的影响。实验结果表明,在120s、25MPa下,从500℃提高到550℃,液体收率呈现先升后降的趋势,在530℃达到最大值（79%）;在520℃、25MPa下,随停留时间的延长,PE裂解程度加深,产物轻质化程度提高,导致液体收率降低,停留240s时,气体收率达到43%;反应压力对产物收率的影响较小,气、液产物中烯/烷比随反应压力的增加而增大。