Numerical investigation on cold flow dynamics of supercritical water fluidized bed reactor with inclined distributor: Design and scale up

Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor (SCWFBR) is a novel concept for the gasification of coal and biomass to produce hydrogen. In this work, to enhance the mixing in the axial direction, an inclined distributor is introduced to optimize the flow dynamics in SCWFBR with partitioned fluid supply. Through numerical simulations based on the two fluid model (TFM), the effects of the inclined distributor structure and operating parameters on the solid distribution and the residence time are evaluated with the optimal values determined. Numerical results show that, area ratio = 2:1, SCW velocity ratio = 3:1, flow ratio = 3.36:1 and inclination angle = 20° are the optimal design in this paper. A predictive correlation of the minimum fluidization velocity for the improved SCWFBR is also proposed based on the numerical data. The average error between the correlation and numerical simulation results is approximately 1.4% which strongly demonstrates its capability. Finally, based on the optimal design, the lab-scale reactor is further scaled up and the studies about two scale-up rules are carried out. Only the cold flow is simulated in this study without considering chemical reaction which would be involved in future work.     

光催化-膜分离集成反应器及其应用

 设计了一种新型光催化-陶瓷膜分离集成反应器,在反冲条件下利用此集成反应器进行了甲基橙光催化氧化反应,分别考察了陶瓷膜对光催化剂TiO2微粉的截留率、膜的渗透通量、光催化氧化脱色率以及不同膜分离压力下的光催化反应速率常数. 结果表明,TiO2-甲基橙悬浆液体系中TiO2微粉的截留率可达到99.9%, 经集成反应器完成一个反应周期后甲基橙氧化脱色率达到10%, 光催化氧化脱色效果高于圆柱式反应器.     

固定化酶反应器及其在蛋白质组研究中的应用

综述了近年来国内外酶固定化载体的研究进展,侧重于无机材料和有机聚合物材料上的固定化酶方法;此外,也介绍了固定化胰蛋白酶反应器与分离系统联用在蛋白质样品分析中的应用,并展望了固定化酶反应器的研究方向及其在蛋白质组中的应用前景。     

生产99Mo、131I和89Sr医用同位素的水溶液堆

99Mo1、31I和89Sr等医用同位素对人类健康和医学的发展具有非常重要的作用。与靶辐照反应堆相比,用水溶液堆生产99Mo1、31I和89Sr具有安全性好,结构简单,经济价值高,无靶件制备、溶解工艺,产生废物少等优点,用水溶液堆生产医用同位素具有很好的发展前景。由于多堆芯水溶液堆、高功率水溶液堆均能显著提高产率,低富集度235U水溶液堆符合核不扩散条约中对235U浓缩度的要求,因此这三种堆是水溶液堆未来的发展方向。     

Numerical study of unsteady flow and heat transfer of circular tangential direction jets flowing over the inner cylinder surface in the annular chamber

In order to understand the dynamics of vortices on heat transfer, the unsteady flow field of tangential direction jets flowing in the annular chamber is numerically investigated by scale-adaptive simulation (SAS). The jet Reynolds number is 332,000 based on the jet’s diameter and inflow velocity for a specific geometric model. The analogy theory is used to obtain the convective heat transfer coefficient distribution on the hub surface. Spectral analysis via fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to analyze frequency information that flows inside the chamber. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is performed on the velocity field in the chamber and the convective heat transfer coefficient on the hub surface using a snapshot method. The fast Fourier transform helps find the dominant frequency of the unsteady flow in the chamber. The time sequence of velocity fields on the radial plane shows the presence of cyclic flapping of the jet. The proper orthogonal decomposition analysis indicates that the unsteady periodic flow phenomenon in the chamber and unsteady heat transfer on the hub surface are mainly related to the dynamics of the counter-rotating vortices caused by the jet.     

Sonoelectrochemical hydrogenation of safrole: A reactor design,statistical analysis and computational fluid dynamic approach

In this work, ultrasound-assisted electrocatalytic hydrogenation (US-ECHSA) of safrole was carried out in water medium, using sacrificial anode of nickel. The ultrasonic irradiation was carried out at frequency of 20 kHz ± 500 Hz with a titanium cylindrical horn (MS 73 microtip; Ti-6AI-4V alloy; 3.0 mm diameter). The optimal conditions were analyzed by statistical experimental design (fractional factorial). The influence of the sonoelectrochemical reactor design was also investigated by using computational fluid dynamics as simulation tool. Among the five parameters studied: catalyst type, use of β-cyclodextrin as inverse phase transfer catalyst, sonoelectrochemical reactor design, ultrasound mode and the temperature of the solution, only the last three were significant. The hydrogenation product, dihydrosafrole, reached 94% yield, depending on the experimental conditions applied. Data of computational fluid dynamics showed that a wing shape tube added to the sonoelectrochemical reactor can work as a cooling apparatus, during the electrochemical process. The reactional solution temperature diminishes 14 °C when compared to the four-way-type reactor. Cooper cathode, absence of β-cyclodextrin, four-way-type reactor, ultrasound continuous mode (14 W) and absence of temperature control were the most effective reaction parameters for the safrole hydrogenation using US-ECHSA method. The proposed approach represents an important contribution for understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of sonoelectrochemical reactors designs and, consequently, for the reducing of the experimental costs inherent to the sonoelectrochemical process.     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

Application of flow-injection analysis in the on-line monitoring of sugars,lactic acid,protein and biomass during lactic acid fermentations

A laboratory system for the on-line monitoring of important lactic acid fermentation variables is described. The system contains flow-injection analysers for glucose, lactose, galactose, lactate and protein and a continuous-flow analyser for the biomass concentration. The sugar and lactate analysers are based on enzymatic reactions involving oxidases followed by chemiluminescence detection of the hydrogen peroxide formed. The protein analyser is based on the biuret reaction. The system has been used to monitor many fermentation experiments, and some results are presented as examples.     

无机膜反应器在丙烷选择氧化反应中的应用

将无机膜反应器用于丙烷部分氧化制丙烯醛的反应中,考察了不同膜操作方式和反应条件的影响。实验结果表明,采用ＰＰＯＲ膜操作方式,即丙烷从渗透侧通入,氧气从反应侧通入,丙烷可获得较大的自由活化空间,避免与气相氧反应,因此提高了部分氧化反应的选择性。采用分别进样的膜反应,丙烯醛产率可比混合进样的固定床反应高出达３倍。     

渗透汽化型酯化膜反应器研究 聚合物/无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜反应性能

设计了渗透汽化型管式膜反应器,以乙酸丁酯合成反应为探针,考察了Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）／ＰＶＡ,Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）－ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＡ两类聚合物担载无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜催化反应性能。探讨了功能膜的组成,结构,反应条件等对膜反应和分离性能的影响以及同步膜分离过程对反应转化的促进作用。实验结果表明,膜催化酯化反应过程主要是依赖与料液接触侧膜表面层的催化活性,膜的催化活性是影响反应速率,特别是初期反应转化速率的主要因素,后期的超平衡转化则依赖于膜分离过程