紫外分光光度计检测十二烷基苯磺酸钠鉴别潲水油的方法研究

建立了潲水油中十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的检测方法,样品经高纯水提取、三氯甲烷萃取、亚甲蓝显色后,以紫外分光光度法进行测定。考察了提取温度、提取时间等因素的影响。实验结果表明,水对食用油中SDBS的最佳提取时间为2h,温度为50℃,检测波长为645nm。方法检出限（LOD）为0.1μg/kg。加标量分别为1.0、5.0、10.0、20.0μg/kg时的回收率为94%~96%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5%。5组实际样品的检测结果显示,潲水油中SDBS的残留量平均值为19.19μg/kg,优质食用油中SDBS的平均含量为0.35μg/kg。潲水油中SDBS的含量有很大差别,但总体均高于优质食用油中的含量,方法可用于潲水油和食用植物油的鉴别。     

印刷线路板废弃物的热解及其产物分析

作为一种热固性复合材料 (ＳＭＣ) ,印刷线路板(ｐｒｉｎｔｅｄｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｂｏａｒｄｓ)广泛应用于自动控制、电子工业等多种工业领域。由于树脂在固化过程中与硬化剂加热成型时发生交联反应 ,使得树脂难于再熔化和溶解 ,热固性聚合物以前被认为是无法回收的。另一方面 ,ＳＭＣ包含大量玻璃纤维、ＣａＣＯ3 等无机组分 ,热值较低 ,焚烧也不适于处置此类物质。因此 ,填埋是目前大规模处置印刷线路板废弃物的主要方式。热解是一种适于回收塑料物质的技术 ,同样也适用于无法重铸的热固性复合材料[1] 。在热解过程中 ,有机聚合物分解成油状…     

高效液相色谱法测定动物组织中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留量

本文建立了猪、鸡、鱼肌肉及猪、鸡肝脏组织中喹乙醇代谢残留标识物3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留量的高效液相色谱分析方法.样品在酸性环境水解,经乙酸乙酯、磷酸盐缓冲溶液依次提取,Oasis MAX固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱紫外测定(HPLC-UV).3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸标准曲线相关系数(r2)为0.9992(10～1 000 μg/L);不同动物组织样品中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸工作曲线相关系数(r)为0.9995～0.9997(2～100 μg/kg).在2～100 μg/kg浓度范围,3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸回收率为69%～104%,日内相对标准偏差＜15%,日间相对标准偏差＜20%.检出限(CCα)为1.2～4.3 μg/kg,定量限(CCβ)为2.0～5.6 μg/kg.     

Separation characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters using SLB-IL111, a new ionic liquid coated capillary gas chromatographic column

The ionic liquid SLB-IL111 column, available from Supelco Inc., is a novel fused capillary gas chromatography (GC) column capable of providing enhanced separations of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) compared to the highly polar cyanopropyl siloxane columns currently recommended for the separation of cis- and trans isomers of fatty acids (FAs), and marketed as SP-2560 and CP-Sil 88. The SLB-IL111 column was operated isothermal at 168°C, with hydrogen as carrier gas at 1.0 mL/min, and the elution profile was characterized using authentic GC standards and synthetic mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers as test mixtures. The SLB-IL111 column provided an improved separation of cis- and trans-18:1 and cis/trans CLA isomers. This is the first direct GC separation of c9,t11- from t7,c9-CLA, and t15-18:1 from c9-18:1, both of which previously required complimentary techniques for their analysis using cyanopropyl siloxane columns. The SLB-IL111 column also provided partial resolution of t13/t14-18:1, c8- from c6/c7-18:1, and for several t,t-CLA isomer pairs. This column also provided elution profiles of the geometric and positional isomers of the 16:1, 20:1 and 18:3 FAMEs that were complementary to those obtained using the cyanopropyl siloxane columns. However, on the SLB-IL111 column the saturated FAs eluted between the cis- and trans MUFAs unlike cyanopropyl siloxane columns that gave a clear separation of most saturated FAs. These differences in elution pattern can be exploited to obtain a more complete analysis of complex lipid mixtures present in ruminant fats.     

动物信息素分离检测方法的研究进展

动物信息素由体内腺体分泌,广泛存在于动物的汗液、尿液和唾液中.信息素的分泌与动物的新陈代谢状态密切相关,在不同新陈代谢状态或生理状态下,动物分泌的信息素具有不同的特征,反映了个体非常重要的生物信息.本文简单介绍了动物信息素及其重要性,综述了动物信息素的样本预处理方法和分离分析方法,并对它未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

高效液相色谱法测定脂肪中11种苯并咪唑类药物残留标志物

建立了同时测定脂肪中11种苯并咪唑类药物残留标志物的高效液相色谱法。样品采用正己烷溶解后,加入抗氧化剂,用0.1mol/L盐酸-乙腈(1∶1,体积比)提取,经正己烷脱脂后再次加入抗氧化剂,以MCX固相萃取柱净化。净化液浓缩处理后进行高效液相色谱分离,以甲醇-1%乙酸为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,紫外检测波长为292nm,采用外标法以峰面积定量检测。11种目标物均在25.0~1000μg/L范围内线性良好,方法定量下限为50μg/kg,在3个加标水平下的回收率为82.0%~109%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.71%~9.9%。该方法能够满足脂肪中苯并咪唑类药物残留标志物的检测要求。     

第二代生物柴油技术研究进展

第二代生物柴油是指在高温高压下,利用催化加氢脱氧反应等技术将动植物油脂转化为具有石化燃料品质的碳氢燃料,是能源领域最热门和最有前途的技术之一.本文作者对动植物油原料来源,加氢脱氧反应机理,主要的加氢生产工艺以及加氢催化剂的研究进展进行了综述,并且分析了发展第二代生物柴油的难点和发展趋势.     

Solid-state fermentation of agricultural wastes into food through pleurotus cultivation

The technical feasibility of using agricultural wastes (mango and date industry wastes) as a substrate for the cultivation ofPleurotus ostreatus NRRL-0366 is evaluated. When comparing the biological efficiency of mushroom production, the highest yield of fruiting bodies was obtained using a mixture of date waste and rice straw at a ratio (1:1) (11.96%), followed by a mixture 3:1 (11.16%). The lowest one was the mixture 2:1 (9.19%). FungusPleurotus ostreatus NRRL-0366 can also be cultivated on mango waste supplemented with rice straw at a different ratio. The best one was the 1:1 mixture (10.18%), whereas the lowest was a mixture 3:1 (6.4%). Comparing the results obtained favored the use of date waste as a substrate for growingPleurotus ostreatus NRRL-0366. Spawn was cultured on three different substrates as follows: Date waste alone (I); 1:1 (by wt) date waste and rice straw (II); 1:1:1 date waste, rice straw, and corncobs (III). Final dry weight and composition of the fruiting bodies are tabulated for the three sets of conditions. Date waste and rice straw mixture (II) is a good source of nonstarchy carbohydrate (67%) and protein (27.44%) containing amounts of essential amino acids, especially lysine and low RNA (3.81%). Elemental analysis were studied in the fruit bodies of the three media.     

Ethanol from lignocellulosic wastes with utilization of recombinant bacteria

This article presents the advanced technology that has been developed by BioEnergy International of Gainesville, Florida, utilizing novel recombinant strains of bacteria developed by Lonnie Ingram of the University of Florida. The first commercial applications of these unique fermenting organisms convert 5-carbon sugars, as well as 6-carbon sugars, and oligomers of cellulose (e.g., cellobiose and cellotriose) directly to ethanol. The proposed systems that will be utilized for conversion of agricultural wastes, mixed waste papers, and pulp and paper mill waste in forthcoming commercial installations are now under design. This involves the extensive experience of Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc. in acid hydrolysis, enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis, large-scale fermentation engineering, and distillation/dehydration. Specific examples of this advanced technology will be presented in different applications, namely: