拉曼光谱法测定天然脂肪球脂质成分

天然脂肪球主要由甘油三酯构成,以不同大小的球状形式分泌而得。不同大小的脂肪球的球体和膜组成成分不同,从而影响了脂肪在乳中的存在形式和最终的乳品功能特性。然而,不同大小的脂肪球成分的差异尚未完全阐明。利用拉曼光谱测定特定大小脂肪球及膜的脂质和脂肪酸组成。拉曼光谱能够从单个脂肪球获得特定拉曼信号,并且在不破坏天然脂肪球构型的情况下进行测定。结果显示,小脂肪球在2 885/2 850 cm-1处条带信号较高,表明小脂肪球趋于形成结晶态的脂肪球膜包裹流动态的甘油三酯内核的结构。此外,小脂肪球与大脂肪球相比,1 655/1 443 cm-1的条带信号较低,表明小脂肪球的脂肪酸不饱和程度较高。总之,从本实验结果可以推断,用特定的小脂肪球分离而得的稀奶油在熔化时较大脂肪球难熔化,搅拌耗时更多,但能形成更柔软的黄油。     

Zero-dimensional subschemes of ruled varieties

Here we study zero-dimensional subschemes of ruled varieties, mainly Hirzebruch surfaces and rational normal scrolls, by applying the Horace method and the Terracini method This research is part of the T.A.S.C.A. project of I.N.d.A.M., supported by P.A.T. (Trento) and M.I.U.R. (Italy)     

Resolutions of ideals of quasiuniform fat point subschemes of

The notion of a quasiuniform fat point subscheme is introduced and conjectures for the Hilbert function and minimal free resolution of the ideal defining are put forward. In a large range of cases, it is shown that the Hilbert function conjecture implies the resolution conjecture. In addition, the main result gives the first determination of the resolution of the th symbolic power of an ideal defining general points of when both and are large (in particular, for infinitely many for each of infinitely many , and for infinitely many for every 2$">). Resolutions in other cases, such as ``fat points with tails', are also given. Except where an explicit exception is made, all results hold for an arbitrary algebraically closed field . As an incidental result, a bound for the regularity of is given which is often a significant improvement on previously known bounds.

     

On the weak non-defectivity of veronese embeddings of projective spaces

Fix integers n, x, k such that n≥3, k>0, x≥4, (n, x)≠(3, 4) and k(n+1)<( _n ^n+x ). Here we prove that the order x Veronese embedding ofP ⁿ is not weakly (k−1)-defective, i.e. for a general S⊃P ⁿ such that #(S) = k+1 the projective space | I _2S (x)| of all degree t hypersurfaces ofP ⁿ singular at each point of S has dimension ( _n ^/n+x )−1− k(n+1) (proved by Alexander and Hirschowitz) and a general F∈| I _2S (x)| has an ordinary double point at each P∈ S and Sing (F)=S. The author was partially supported by MIUR and GNSAGA of INdAM (Italy).     

Solid-state fermentation of agricultural wastes into food through pleurotus cultivation

The technical feasibility of using agricultural wastes (mango and date industry wastes) as a substrate for the cultivation ofPleurotus ostreatus NRRL-0366 is evaluated. When comparing the biological efficiency of mushroom production, the highest yield of fruiting bodies was obtained using a mixture of date waste and rice straw at a ratio (1:1) (11.96%), followed by a mixture 3:1 (11.16%). The lowest one was the mixture 2:1 (9.19%). FungusPleurotus ostreatus NRRL-0366 can also be cultivated on mango waste supplemented with rice straw at a different ratio. The best one was the 1:1 mixture (10.18%), whereas the lowest was a mixture 3:1 (6.4%). Comparing the results obtained favored the use of date waste as a substrate for growingPleurotus ostreatus NRRL-0366. Spawn was cultured on three different substrates as follows: Date waste alone (I); 1:1 (by wt) date waste and rice straw (II); 1:1:1 date waste, rice straw, and corncobs (III). Final dry weight and composition of the fruiting bodies are tabulated for the three sets of conditions. Date waste and rice straw mixture (II) is a good source of nonstarchy carbohydrate (67%) and protein (27.44%) containing amounts of essential amino acids, especially lysine and low RNA (3.81%). Elemental analysis were studied in the fruit bodies of the three media.     

Ethanol from lignocellulosic wastes with utilization of recombinant bacteria

This article presents the advanced technology that has been developed by BioEnergy International of Gainesville, Florida, utilizing novel recombinant strains of bacteria developed by Lonnie Ingram of the University of Florida. The first commercial applications of these unique fermenting organisms convert 5-carbon sugars, as well as 6-carbon sugars, and oligomers of cellulose (e.g., cellobiose and cellotriose) directly to ethanol. The proposed systems that will be utilized for conversion of agricultural wastes, mixed waste papers, and pulp and paper mill waste in forthcoming commercial installations are now under design. This involves the extensive experience of Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc. in acid hydrolysis, enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis, large-scale fermentation engineering, and distillation/dehydration. Specific examples of this advanced technology will be presented in different applications, namely:

On the number of square-cell configurations

Summary The numbers of simply and multiply connected square-cell configurations are computed. The computation is based on the original algorithm for constructive enumeration of animals which is founded on the DAST (dualist angle-restricted spanning tree) code.     

Catalytic oxidation of catechins to p-benzoquinones with hydrogen peroxide/methyltrioxorhenium

New p-benzoquinones were obtained by oxidation of catechin and epicatechin derivatives with the hydrogen peroxide/methyltrioxorhenium catalytic system. Reactions were carried out both in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions and proceeded with high conversion and moderate yields. Polymer-supported methyltrioxorhenium systems were used as heterogeneous catalysts. After the first oxidation, the catalytic systems can be recovered and reused for five consecutive times without loss of stability and efficiency.