Regioselective synthesis of (E)-3-[2-(arylmethylene)-1-(arylsulfonyl)hydrazino]-2-propenoates via the reaction of arylsulfonyl hydrazones and alkyl propiolates in the presence of triphenylphosphine

A regioselective method for the synthesis of (E)-3-[2-(arylmethylene)-1-(arylsulfonyl)hydrazino]-2-propenoates is described. The reaction takes place between arylsulfonyl hydrazones and alkyl propiolates in the presence of triphenylphosphine as the catalyst.     

The Reactions of Dialkyl Phosphites and Phosphine Oxides with Iodosylbenzene

The reaction of iodosylbenzene with >P(O)H type of acids (dialkyl phosphites, secondary phosphine oxides) was studied. The acids of >P(O)H type add to iodosylbenzene to yield intermediate 6 which in the aprotic solvents yields oxidation products, it means >P(O)OH acids and/or anhydride of >P(O)OP(O)< type. On the other hand if the reaction is performed in alcohol as a solvent in the presence of sodium alcoholate >P(O)OR ester is the major product.     

短链烷基对多取代烷基苯磺酸盐界面性质的影响

利用悬挂滴方法研究了2,5-二乙基-4-壬基苯磺酸钠(292)、2,5-二丙基-4-壬基苯磺酸钠(393)和2,5-二丁基-4-壬基苯磺酸钠(494)在空气-水表面和正癸烷-水界面的扩张流变性质,考察了时间、界面压、工作频率及体相浓度对扩张弹性和粘性的影响。研究发现,在低表面活性剂浓度条件下,表面吸附膜类似弹性膜,其强度由膜内分子的相互作用决定;高浓度下体相与表面间的扩散交换过程控制表面膜的性质。油分子的插入导致界面吸附分子之间相互作用的削弱,扩散交换过程主导界面膜性质;但随着短链烷基长度增加,油分子的影响变小。表面膜的强度在吸附达到平衡前已经决定,而界面膜在吸附饱和后仍然随界面分子重排而变化。     

Simple spectrophotometry method for the determination of sulfur dioxide in an alcohol-thionyl chloride reaction

Thionyl chloride is often used to convert alcohols into more reactive alkyl chloride, which can be easily converted to many compounds that are not possible from alcohols directly. One important reaction of alkyl chloride is nucleophilic substitution, which is typically conducted under basic conditions. Sulfur dioxide, the by-product from alcohol-thionyl chloride reactions, often reacts with alkyl chloride to form a sulfonyl acid impurity, resulting in yield loss. Therefore, the alkyl chloride is typically isolated to remove the by-products including sulfur dioxide. However, in our laboratory, the alkyl chloride formed from alcohol and thionyl chloride was found to be a potential mutagenic impurity, and isolation of this compound would require extensive safety measures. As a result, a flow-through process was developed, and the sulfur dioxide was purged using a combination of vacuum degassing and nitrogen gas sweeping. An analytical method that can quickly and accurately quantitate residual levels of sulfur dioxide in the reaction mixture is desired for in-process monitoring. We report here a simple ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry method for this measurement.     

烷基咪唑螯合硼离子液体的合成及摩擦学性能

以1种环境友好的双水杨酸螯合硼为阴离子中心,以咪唑环为阳离子骨架,合成了7种新的具有不同烷基直链的螯合硼离子液体D-C_nImBScB(n=4,6,8,10)和C_nImC8BScB(n=4,6,10).利用核磁共振波谱(~1H NMR)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描热量(DSC)等技术对7种双咪唑螯合硼离子液体进行了结构和热稳定性分析.以聚乙二醇(PEG200)作为基础油,双边咪唑螯合硼离子液体D-C_nImBScB(n=4,6,8,10)和C_nImC8BScB(n=4,6,10)作为添加剂,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)分别对油样的抗磨减摩性能、磨斑形貌和磨斑表面元素分布进行了分析表征.结果表明,D-C_nImBScB(n=4,6,8,10)和C_nImC_8BScB(n=4,6,10)可用作在较宽温度范围使用的润滑油添加剂,添加C_6ImC_8BScB的PEG200油样抗磨效果最佳,其磨斑直径为0.712 mm,与PEG200相比降低了27.49%,通过适当调节阳离子咪唑环骨架上的双边烷基链长度可以调控离子液体的摩擦学性能.     

Synthesis and surface activity of mono- and diphosphate ester mixture with different alkyl chain length

A series of alkyl phosphate esters were synthesized and each of them was a mixture of monophosphate and diphosphate esters in a high or low mono/dimole ratio. The structure of hexadecyl phosphate ester with a low mono/dimole ratio was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and³¹P NMR. The surface tensions of these alkyl phosphate esters were analyzed using a surface tensionmeter. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and critical surface tension (γ_CMC) of phosphate esters with a high mono/di ratio decreased with the increase of alkyl chain length. However, for the phosphate esters with a low mono/di ratio, the CMC, and γ_CMC decreased initially and increased afterwards with the increase of alkyl chain length. Meanwhile, the butanol and octanol phosphate esters with a high mono/di ratio had higher CMC and γ_CMC than their low mono/di ones, while the dodecyl and hexadecyl phosphate esters presented an opposite result. The results indicated that the mono- and diphosphate esters in the mixture may have a synergistic effect on the arrangement of molecules.     

An assessment of alkyl chain length effect of symmetric İmidazolium salts as a carrier for selective separation of Cr(VI)

Selective solvent extraction (SSX) of Cr(VI) and recovery was evaluated by using a homologous series of symmetric imidazolium bromide salts (SIMs) having various alkyl chain length. Therefore, propyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, and decyl substituted SIMs were used as an ion carrier. The executive parameters affecting both extraction and stripping conditions were investigated for optimization. Finally, a direct correlation was observed a between increasing alkyl chain length and selective Cr(VI) extraction from acidic solutions containing Cr(VI), Fe(III), Co(II), Cd(II), Ni(II). This relationship was reversed in the stripping conditions. Optimal extraction and stripping were obtained for SIM5 and SIM2 as 97.49% and 70.00%, respectively.     

Electronic and steric effects on the intramolecular Schmidt reaction of alkyl azides with secondary benzyl alcohols

The intramolecular Schmidt reaction of simple azido secondary benzyl alcohols has been realized for the first time. Investigation of the electronic and steric effects of the substrates on the product outcome was conducted. Unique intramolecular Schmidt rearrangements were observed with the formation of a cinnamaldehyde derivative and aryl aldehydes, respectively. Using this protocol, an efficient synthesis of dihydrobenzotriazine derivatives was achieved. Moreover, a practical approach to 2-aryl-1-pyrrolines was also accessed.     

含烷基柔性链的n型刚棒-线团分子的合成、表征与自组装

含多个对苯撑作为刚棒,齐聚烷基或烷氧基作为柔性链的刚棒-线团(rod-coil)分子,由于具有很强的微相分离和π-π堆积作用,可以在本体和溶液中产生有效的自组装。研究表明,刚棒嵌段的形状影响着分子排列的方式、自组装性能和微结构,因此本文设计了n型芳香嵌段、柔性链全部为烷基的n型刚棒-线团分子,通过红外光谱、NMR和MALDI-TOF-MS对其结构进行了表征,利用DSC、POM和SAXS对此化合物的自组装行为进行了研究。结果表明,含烷基柔性链的n型分子在固态时能形成双分子的层状结构。     

Fine-tuning of polymer photovoltaic properties by the length of alkyl side chains

This paper reports the synthesis and characteristics of a series of alkyl-substituted planar polymers. The physical properties are carefully tuned to optimize their photovoltaic performance. Depending on the length of soluble alkyl side chains which modify the structural order and orientation substantially in polymer backbones, the device performance can be improved significantly. The tuning of HOMO energy levels optimized polymers’ spectral coverage of absorption and their hole mobility, as well as miscibility with fullerene; all these efforts enhanced polymer solar cell performances. The shortcircuit current, Jsc for polymer solar cells was increased by adjusting polymer chain packing ability. It was found that films with well distributed polymer/fullerene interpenetrating network exhibit improved solar cell conversion efficiency. Enhanced efficiency up to 5.8% has been demonstrated. The results provide important insights about the roles of flexile chains in structure-property relationship for the design of new polymers to be used in high efficient solar cells.