Analysis of alkyl sulfonates and carboxylates using high performance ion chromatography

Summary A simple and general method for the determination of both C₁−C₁₀ alkyl sulfonates and alkyl carboxylates using the same basic methodology, based on High Performance ion Chromatography, using relatively simple eluent systems allowing fast analysis with both high sensitivity and accuracy is presented.     

含铁离子的XO/HX体系对糖类分子氧化作用的ESR研究

用自旋俘获方法直接检测含铁的黄嘌呤氧化酶/次黄嘌呤体系中由糖产生的自由基,发现该体系中除了产生羟基自由基外,还产生烷(氧)基自由基,且糖的浓度越高,体系中产生的烷(氧)基自由基也越多.这表明含铁的黄嘌呤氧化酶/次黄嘌呤体系对糖类分子有氧化作用,且糖的浓度越高,氧化作用越强,对机体的损伤越大.应用含硒抗体酶可有效清除烷(氧)基自由基,显示出很强的抗氧化能力.     

烷基聚葡糖苷溶液的表面吸附平衡与动力学

用吊片法和气泡最大压力法分别测定了烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)C₉.₆G_1.3水溶液的平衡和动态表面张力,研究了APG水溶液表面的吸附平衡、动力学及其影响因素.测得其cmc(临界胶束浓度)为0.032g/L.吸附过程由初始的扩散控制转变到势垒控制,吸附势垒为4～7kJ/mol.温度升高,平衡和动态表面张力均减小,吸附量增加;加入无机盐,平衡和动态表面张力增大,吸附量亦增加;醇类的吸附使动态表面张力下降速率加快,表明APG与醇分子间有协同吸附作用.     

Host-Guest Interactions of Cyclopentanocucurbit[6]uril with Alkyl Imidazolium Hydrochlorides

The host-guest interactions between cyclopentanocucurbit-[6]uril(CyP₆Q[6]) as host and six alkyl imidazolium hydrochloride as guests(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, and g6) have been studied by various techniques, such as ¹H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results showed that CyP₆Q[6] formed 1:1 inclusion complexes with each of guests g1-g6. The part of the guest entered the cavity of CyP₆Q[6] changes as the alkyl chain increases in length. It can be seen that the length of the alkyl chain plays a key role in determining the mode of host-guest interactions.     

Facial strategy for radical species through Ag(I)-mediated oxidation of the alkyl trifluoroborates

A rapid and highly efficient method for the radical formation using potassium alkylfluoroborates as radical precursor is devised and developed which conducts under relatively mild condition using silver(I) oxide as the oxidant. The observed silver mirror phenomenon hints at the fact that Ag₂O is the real oxidant. This approach effectively overcomes the drawbacks-stringent reaction conditions and poor tolerance of a variety of functional groups.     

SANS study of alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate micelles. Sodium dodecyl(oxyethylene)4sulfate in D2O at 25°C

n-C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄ ) ₄ SO ₄ Na micelles have been investigated by small angle neutron scattering technique. Results have been obtained for a series of solutions of variable concentration of surfactant and for an approximately 0.07M solution to which different amounts of NaCl were added. Micellar parameters, aggregation number, and apparent charge have been compared to those previously obtained for C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄ ) ₄ SO ₄ Na. On changing the surfactant concentration, the growth gradient of micelles of the latter is similar to the growth gradient of micelles of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄ ) ₄ SO ₄ Na when no excess salt is present. In the presence of added electrolyte, C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ has a higher growth gradient than C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄ ) ₄ SO ₄ . This result has been interpreted in terms of effect of the oxyethylene group. The monodisperse core+shell spherical model of micellar structure previously proposed for this class of surfactant seems to hold in a wide range of concentrations of surfactant and/or added electrolyte.     

Effects of potassium on the reaction pathway of C3H7 species over Mo2C/Mo (1 0 0)

The adsorption and surface reactions of propyl iodide on clean and potassium-modified Mo₂C/Mo(1 0 0) surfaces have been investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) in the 100-1200 K temperature range. This work is strongly related to the better understanding of the catalytic effect of Mo₂C in the conversion of hydrocarbons. Potassium was found to be an effective promoter: it induced the rupture of C-I bond in the adsorbed C₃H₇I even at 100 K. The extent of C-I bond scission varied approximately linearly with the concentration of K coverage at the adsorption temperature of 100 K. As revealed by HREELS and TPD measurements the primary products of the dissociation are C₃H₇ and I. The former one was stabilized by potassium and underwent dehydrogenation and hydrogenation to give propene and propane. The desorption of both compounds is reaction-limited process. A fraction of propyl groups was converted into di-σ-bonded propene, which was stable up to ∼380 K. The coupling reaction of propyl species was also facilitated by potassium and resulted in the formation of hexane and hexene with T_p ∼ 230-250 K. Hydrogen was released with T_p = 390 K, indicative of a desorption limited process. The effect of potassium was explained by the extended electron donation to adsorbed propyl iodide in one hand, and by the direct interaction between potassium and I on the other hand. This was reflected by the shift of the desorption of potassium from the coadsorbed layer at and above 1.0 ML to higher temperature, and by the coincidal T_p values (∼700 K) of potassium and iodine. The formation of KI was also supported by the appearance of a loss feature at 650 cm⁻¹ in the HREEL spectra attributed to a phonon mode of KI.     

Stationary interphases with extended alkyl chains: A comparative study on chain order by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Stationary interphases with long n-alkyl chains (n = 18, 22, 30, 34) have been examined by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The determination of the silane functionality and the degree of cross-linking of silane ligands on the silica surface was performed by ²⁹Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. High-speed ¹H MAS and ¹³C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy were utilized to assess alkyl chain order and mobility of the different bonded phases. For this purpose, ¹H NMR line widths and ¹³C chemical shifts have been evaluated. It is shown that stationary phase order and rigidity increase with alkyl chain length. In addition, the temperature-dependent trans/gauche conformational change occurs at higher temperatures for a polymeric C₃₄ phase compared with a C₃₀ sorbent. This behaviour is discussed in the context of previously reported Chromatographic (HPLC) shape selectivity differences.     

Transformation of 1,5- and 1,6-dienes to carbocycles by hydrozirconation and oxidation with cerium(IV) compounds

Cyclopentane and cyclohexane derivatives are prepared from 1,5- and 1,6-dienes in a one pot procedure by hydrozirconation, then oxidation of the generated 5- and 6-alkenylzirconocene chlorides with ammonium hexanitratocerate.     

Reaction Between 5-Isopropylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione and <Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-Butyl Isocyanide in the Presence of Primary or Secondary Amines

Summary. 5-Isopropylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (the condensation product of Meldrums acid and acetone) reacts smoothly with tert-butyl isocyanide in the presence of primary or secondary amines to produce N-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethylbutyramide derivatives and/or 1-tert-butyl-4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamides in good yields.