Determination of colloidally-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh water using C18 solid phase extraction disks

A new application of reversed-phase octadecyl (C₁₈) solid phase extraction disks has been developed to separate the colloidally-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from those that were truly dissolved in the samples of fresh water. A correction for the retention of small amounts of colloidal material on the C₁₈ disks was required, which would have otherwise lead to minor underestimates in the degree of partitioning between the two phases. Using the humic substance Aldrich Humic Acid (AHA) as a model colloid and the 16 PAHs on the US Enrivonmental Protection Agency priority pollutant list, the partitioning coefficients of the PAHs between the colloidal and truly dissolved phases were shown to be proportional to the hydrophobicity of the PAHs, as measured by their octanol water partition coefficients (K_ow). The values for the partition coefficients obtained (cK_doc′) were similar to those previously reported in the literature using alternative methods, confirming that the technique was producing acceptable results. The technique allows the in situ partitioning of PAHs between the truly dissolved and colloidal phases in fresh water bodies to be determined. It will provide an invaluable cross-check of the laboratory-based methods which often require substantial manipulation of the sample and potentially alter the partitioning between the phases.     

Sur la R-équivalence de torseurs sous un groupe fini

We give criteria for R-equivalence of torsors under finite constant group schemes over a field. In particular, using bitorsors, we obtain a Galois dévissage result which formalises and generalises a theorem of Philippe Gille in the case of local fields; for instance, Gille's theorem is shown to extend to higher local fields.     

Overloaded elution band profiles of ionizable compounds in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography: Influence of the competition between the neutral and the ionic species

The parameters that affect the shape of the band profiles of acido‐basic compounds under moderately overloaded conditions (sample size less than 500 nmol for a conventional column) in RPLC are discussed. Only analytes that have a single pK_a are considered. In the buffer mobile phase used for their elution, their dissociation may, under certain conditions, cause a significant pH perturbation during the passage of the band. Two consecutive injections (3.3 and 10 μL) of each one of three sample solutions (0.5, 5, and 50 mM) of ten compounds were injected on five C₁₈‐bonded packing materials, including the 5 μm Xterra‐C₁₈ (121 Å), 5 μm Gemini‐C₁₈ (110 Å), 5 μm Luna‐C₁₈(2) (93 Å), 3.5 μm Extend‐C₁₈ (80 Å), and 2.7 μm Halo‐C₁₈ (90 Å). The mobile phase was an aqueous solution of methanol buffered at a constant _W^WpH of 6, with a phosphate buffer. The total concentration of the phosphate groups was constant at 50 mM. The methanol concentration was adjusted to keep all the retention factors between 1 and 10. The compounds injected were phenol, caffeine, 3‐phenyl 1‐propanol, 2‐phenyl butyric acid, amphetamine, aniline, benzylamine, p‐toluidine, procainamidium chloride, and propranololium chloride. Depending on the relative values of the analyte pK_a and the buffer solution pH, these analytes elute as the neutral, the cationic, or the anionic species. The influence of structural parameters such as the charge, the size, and the hydrophobicity of the analytes on the shape of its overloaded band profile is discussed. Simple but general rules predict these shapes. An original adsorption model is proposed that accounts for the unusual peak shapes observed when the analyte is partially dissociated in the buffer solution during its elution.     

A categorical characterization of varieties

A simple, direct proof of the following characterization of varieties of (finitary) algebras is presented: a cocomplete category is equivalent to a variety iff it has an algebraic generator, i.e., a regular generator which is exactly projective and finitely generated. This improves somewhat a recent restatement, due to Pedicchio and Wood, of the classical characterization theorem of Lawvere. A bijective correspondence between algebraic theories and algebraic generators is established.     

Leggett-Williams norm-type theorems for coincidences

We study the existence of positive solutions to the operator equation Lx = Nx, where L is a linear Fredholm mapping of index zero and N is a nonlinear operator. Using the properties of cones in Banach spaces and Leray-Schauder degree for completely continuous operators, k-set contractions and condensing mappings, we obtain some refinements of the results established in [3] and [14]. Received: 9 July 2005; revised: 12 January 2006     

Correspondences of ribbon categories

Much of algebra and representation theory can be formulated in the general framework of tensor categories. The aim of this paper is to further develop this theory for braided tensor categories. Several results are established that do not have a substantial counterpart for symmetric tensor categories. In particular, we exhibit various equivalences involving categories of modules over algebras in ribbon categories. Finally, we establish a correspondence of ribbon categories that can be applied to, and is in fact motivated by, the coset construction in conformal quantum field theory.     

白酒中C_9－C_（18）脂肪酸的气相色谱分析

白酒中Ｃ＿９－Ｃ＿（１８）脂肪酸的气相色谱分析周在德，曾永昌（四川大学化学系成都６１００６４）关键词气相色谱法，白酒，Ｃ＿９－Ｃ＿（１８）脂肪酸。白酒中脂肪酸的含量及相互比例关系，极大地影响着白酒的色，香，味，风格￣（［１］［２］）。一般采用的化学分...     

δ-（甲酰乙烯基）二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为原料,利用Vilsmeier反应合成δ-(甲酰乙烯基)二氢卟吩衍生物.镍(II)脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯和镍(II)红紫素-18与Vilsmeier试剂作用,生成了E环被打开的镍(II)δ-(甲酰乙烯基)红紫素-7-三甲酯和镍(II)δ-(甲酰乙烯基)二氢卟吩P6三甲酯.镍(II)N-乙酰氧基红紫素-18-酰亚胺和Vilsmeier试剂作用,生成了镍(II)δ-(甲酰乙烯基)-N-乙酰氧基红紫素-18-酰亚胺.当这些化合物脱去镍离子后,吸收波长明显红移,δ-(甲酰乙烯基)-N-乙酰氧基红紫素-18-酰亚胺的吸收波长达到742nm.同时保留了对δ-位再进行化学修饰的可能性.合成的新化合物均由核磁共振、红外光谱、元素分析和质谱予以证实.     

Two—dimensional Network Crown Ether Complex.Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 18—Crown—6 Complex：[K（18—C—6）]2[Cd—（nmt）2]

The novel complex [K(18-C-6)]2[Cd(mnt)2][18-C-6-18-crown-6,nmt=1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolate,C2S2-(CN)2^2-] was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis.The complex displays two-dimensional network structure of [K(18-C-6)] complex segments and [Cd(nmt)2] complex segment bridged by S-K-S,S-K-N and N-K-N interactions between adjacent[K(18-C-6)] and [Cd(mnt)2]units.