Preparation and in vitro characterization of aerosol-deposited hydroxyapatite coatings with different surface roughnesses

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings with different surface roughnesses were deposited on a Ti substrate via aerosol deposition (AD). The effect of the surface roughness on the cellular response to the coating was investigated. The surface roughness was controlled by manipulating the particle size distribution of the raw powder used for deposition and by varying the coating thickness. The coatings obtained from the 1100 °C-heated powder exhibited relatively smooth surfaces, whereas those fabricated using the 1050 °C-heated powder had network-structured rough surfaces with large surface areas and were superior in terms of their adhesion strengths and in vitro cell responses. The surface roughness (R_a) values of the coatings fabricated using the 1050 °C-heated powder increased from approximately 0.65 to 1.03 μm as the coating thickness increased to 10 μm. The coatings with a rough surface had good adhesion to the Ti substrate, exhibiting high adhesion strengths ranging from 37.6 to 29.5 MPa, depending on the coating thickness. The optimum biological performance was observed for the 5 μm-thick HA coating with an intermediate surface roughness value of 0.82 μm.     

海洋大气气溶胶光学模型参数的相关性研究

气溶胶光学模型参数在气溶胶遥感和气候强迫研究中都具有重要的作用.通过对全球近90个气溶胶自动观测网(AERONET)的海洋站点数据进行筛选、分类和分析,发现了气溶胶模型的中值半径及其标准偏差间的负相关性,并给出了经验关系.利用该关系对现行中分辩率成像光谱仪(MODIS)海洋气溶胶模型进行了评估,并指出了该模型存在的不足...     

钕玻璃片状放大器玻璃腔的概念设计

针对片状放大器片腔的洁净度问题,提出一种钕玻璃片状放大器玻璃腔的设计方案.选用滤紫外石英玻璃作为主框架的材料,对玻璃腔的结构和密封方案进行设计,并利用玻璃腔外表面镀金属材料的方式进行遮光.采用神光Ⅱ升级主放和100片状放大器进行不同腔体的洁净度对比试验,结果表明玻璃腔的洁净度较不锈钢腔提高了近70%.运用光学高级系统分析程序对玻璃腔进行光线追迹,其钕玻璃泵浦比例提高了8.84%.该方案不仅能减少腔内气溶胶的产生,还能提高钕玻璃泵浦比例.     

微脉冲偏振激光雷达探测城市底层气溶胶

以单脉冲能量2μJ,重复频率1kHz的Nd:YAG固体激光器为光源研发了一台便携式人眼安全可三维扫描的微脉冲偏振激光雷达系统,可实现对城市底层气溶胶球形特性和分布情况的探测.为保证在西北地区等高密度气溶胶聚集的地域,实现近地表80~1000m范围内的精确探测,系统的光电检测采用模拟探测技术.利用该激光雷达系统首次对冬季西安局部地区1000m范围内大气气溶胶退偏比进行了俯仰扫描探测,并分析了天气过程和地面状况对退偏比的影响.实验结果表明,探测期间无明显沙尘事件发生,探测区域内气溶胶的退偏比在0.1左右,在无绿化带的交通干道交叉口等局部区域,受地面状况影响退偏比偏高,并获得了退偏比值与天气过程的初步关系,同时也验证了系统的可行性.研究成果可对城市底层气溶胶的产生、传输及扩散特性研究提供科学数据.     

Comparison of four scanning mobility particle sizers at the Fresno Supersite

Size distributions of ambient aerosols at the Fresno Supersite were measured with four commercially available scanning mobility particle sizers(SMPS) . TSI nano,TSI standard,Grimm,and MSP instruments were collocated at the Fresno Supersite and particle size distributions were measured continuously from August 18 through September 18,2005. For particles with diameters between 10 and 200 nm,differences among hourly-average ambient particle concentrations ranged from 0% between the TSI nano and Grimm in the 30...     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from organic aerosols using hollow fiber micro-porous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

A method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aerosols was developed. Instead of conventionally used non-polar or slightly polar phenylmethylpolysiloxane column a highly polar, highly substituted, cyanopropyl column (VF-23 MS) was used for separation of PAHs. Based on hollow fiber micro-porous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) a method was developed for sample clean up and pretreatment. An enrichment factor of 617-1022 was obtained with extraction efficiency 10.2-18.9% for different PAHs analyzed in this study. The optimized method was successfully applied to aerosol samples and limits of detection between 1.2 pg m⁻³ and 180 pg m⁻³ was obtained. Almost all PAHs were found in most of the aerosol samples.     

高基质进样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定职业接触人员血中铊

职业接触人员血中铊浓度可反映其体内暴露的信息。因此,建立血中铊浓度的检测方法具有非常重要的意义。目前,国内血中铊检测没有国家标准方法,国内外文献报道的方法均存在一定缺点。为了获得准确的职业接触人员血中铊浓度,建立了高基质进样（HMI）-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定职业接触人员血中铊含量的方法。通过对等离子体模式和前处理方法进行了选择,0.20 mL血样用0.1% Triton X-100+0.5%硝酸混合溶液处理后,采用在线加入内标的方式对铊含量进行了检测。在最佳的分析条件下,205Tl在0.02～4.00 μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,Y=0.010 33X+0.000 12,相关系数（R）为0.999 9。最低检出限（detection limit,DL）为0.005 μg·L-1,最低定量限（quantification limit,QL）为0.02 μg·L-1;当取样量为0.20 mL,定容体积为5.00 mL时（血样25倍稀释）,方法检出限（MDL）为0.12 μg·L-1,方法定量下限（MQL）为0.42 μg·L-1,测定范围为0.42～100 μg·L-1。在全血样品中添加水平为2.50,15.0和75.0 μg·L-1时的平均回收率为92.7%～103.8%。每个样品重复测定7次,批内精密度（RSDs of in-batch）为1.71%～2.81%,批间精密度（RSDs of interbatch）为2.84%～4.77%,表明,该方法的准确度及精密度良好。连续监测50个样品（包括标准溶液、质量控制样品和全血样品）,内标元素209Bi的信号变化为+7.7%,表明方法稳定性较好。将建立的新方法用于30份职业接触人员全血的分析检测,其中4份血样的铊含量大于方法检出限,但低于方法定量下限,其余26份血样均低于方法检出限,且30份全血样品中铊含量均在平均背景范围内。结果表明30位职业接触人员铊内暴露水平很低,其工作场所铊对人体基本无潜在的健康影响。该方法简单快速、准确度高、稳定性好,适用于实际样品的大批量检测。     

A Novel Way of Sampling Particles Containing Platinum Group Elements from Automobile Catalysts

A new sampling system was developed in order to be applied directly at the exhaust pipe of vehicles combined with an exhaust gas analyzer during the standard New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). In that way a quantitative sampling of Pt, Pd, and Rh (Platinum Group Elements, PGEs) in particle form on filters and gas monitoring could be achieved simultaneously, applying the sampling system on a variety of vehicles of different age and engine capacity. The samples were examined by SEM-EDX for morphological and qualitative analysis of the particles. By using an appropriate digestion procedure and the analytical techniques of ICP-MS and GFAAS, concentrations were found in the range of 0.35–87 ng/km for Pt, 3.3–437 ng/km for Pd, and 0.9–72 ng/km for Rh. Furthermore the investigation showed that fresh catalysts as well as engines with larger capacity emitted higher amounts of PGEs in comparison to older catalysts and smaller capacity engines. According to the results of this research the palladium emissions were dominant in comparison to the platinum ones. This way of sampling might prove advantageous in testing new technology catalysts through their PGEs emission.     

Bell-Vol High Volume Sampler

Abstract

Maintenance of a constant flow rate has been a long-standing problem with hi-vol samplers used to collect ambient aerosol. Numerous types of commercially available flow controllers are currently in use. A passive flow controller has now been developed that operates without external power or electrical circuits, and, when coupled with an AC inductive motor and cyclone blower, effectively controls flow rate between 100 and 1500 L/min.

The flow controller described here controls mass flow rate rather than motor speed - the method used in commercially available hot wire anemometer electronic flow controllers - by continuously applying pressure to the outlet air stream. Thus, the controller is unaffected by such problems as brush wear and line voltage variations that are common to hi-vol samplers. In operation, the pressure drop across any constant flow resistance, such as an orifice, elbow, or length of tubing in conjunction with a diaphragm, functions as a servo mechanism to maintain a constant drop across this constant resistance.     

Fixed Rank Filtering for Spatio-Temporal Data

Datasets from remote-sensing platforms and sensor networks are often spatial, temporal, and very large. Processing massive amounts of data to provide current estimates of the (hidden) state from current and past data is challenging, even for the Kalman filter. A large number of spatial locations observed through time can quickly lead to an overwhelmingly high-dimensional statistical model. Dimension reduction without sacrificing complexity is our goal in this article. We demonstrate how a Spatio-Temporal Random Effects (STRE) component of a statistical model reduces the problem to one of fixed dimension with a very fast statistical solution, a methodology we call Fixed Rank Filtering (FRF). This is compared in a simulation experiment to successive, spatial-only predictions based on an analogous Spatial Random Effects (SRE) model, and the value of incorporating temporal dependence is quantified. A remote-sensing dataset of aerosol optical depth (AOD), from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument on the Terra satellite, is used to compare spatio-temporal FRF with spatial-only prediction. FRF achieves rapid production of optimally filtered AOD predictions, along with their prediction standard errors. In our case, over 100,000 spatio-temporal data were processed: Parameter estimation took 64.4 seconds and optimal predictions and their standard errors took 77.3 seconds to compute. Supplemental materials giving complete details on the design and analysis of a simulation experiment, the simulation code, and the MISR data used are available on-line.