血液灌流吸附剂的研究─—DAC包膜活性炭的制备及性能

本文研制了一种ＤＡＣ包膜活性炭血液灌流吸附剂，对模拟血中中分子物质有很好的吸附能力，对其吸附特性时行了理论探讨。     

Hydrothermal development of magnetic-hydrochar nanocomposite from pineapple leaves and its performance as an adsorbent for the uptake of Mn2+ and reuse of the metal loaded adsorbent in latent fingerprint

Manganese is one of the heavy metals that is a major environmental concern when present in large amount. Manganese is discarded into water systems by numerous industries, including mining, batteries and electroplating etc. Pineapple leaves were applied as a biomass source to produce a magnetic hydrothermal treated hydochar nanocomposite; Fe₃O₄-HC. The BET surface area of Fe₂O₃-HC nanocomposite was 21.27 m²/g. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the uptake of Mn²⁺ fit well in the pseudo second kinetics model, while the adsorption isotherm best fit the Freundlich model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.99 mg/g at 25 °C and a pH of 5. The obtained thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that Mn²⁺ ion adsorption using the Fe₂O₃-HC nanocomposite was endothermic and nonspontaneous. Additionally, Fe₂O₃-HC nanocomposite demonstrated to be highly selective towards Mn²⁺ ions in the presence of other ions. The removal percentage of Mn²⁺ from a real water sample spiked with 50 mg/L Mn²⁺ was reported to be 53.2%. The spent adsorbent was then used to detect latent fingerprints, which revealed that Mn²⁺-Fe₂O₃-HC nanocomposite generated better and clear latent fingerprints than Fe₂O₃-HC nanocomposite.     

新型蛋白结合类毒素血液灌流吸附剂的制备及吸附性能

蛋白结合类毒素(PBUT)在尿毒症并发症的发生发展中起着重要作用, 现有血液净化模式对其清除效果较差, 开发用于高效清除尿毒症患者体内PBUT的血液灌流吸附材料已成为迫切的临床需求. 本文首先采用悬浮聚合法制备了咪唑基改性低交联聚苯乙烯微球P(St-DVB-VMZ); 然后通过小分子外交联剂的一步法傅克烷基化后交联反应, 制备出血液灌流用含咪唑基超高交联聚苯乙烯多孔树脂吸附剂HCP(St-DVB-VMZ). 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及N₂吸附-脱附分析等表征了吸附树脂的化学结构和微观孔结构. 结果表明, HCP(St-DVB-VMZ)具有丰富的孔结构, 比表面积达到709 m²/g. 尿毒症毒素吸附实验结果表明, HCP(St-DVB-VMZ)对蛋白结合类毒素[对硫酸吲哚酚(IS)、 对甲酚硫酸盐(PCS)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)]和中大分子毒素[甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、 β₂-微球蛋白(β₂M)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)]均具有优异的吸附性能并展示出较好的血液相容性, 有望实现全血灌流临床应用.     

Efficient removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution by a low-cost adsorbent—C. camphora fallen leaves powder

The adsorption property of C. camphora fallen leaves powder (CFLP) to methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solution was studied in this work. The results showed that the CFLP has considerable adsorption property to MV. The percentage adsorption reached 91% in 50?mg?L^?1 of MV solution at dosage 0.6?mg?g^?1. The adsorption kinetics for MV on the CFLP follow a pseudo-second-order pathway, and the adsorption equilibrium data can be described well by the Langmuir isotherm model compared to Freundlich isotherm model. Intra-particle diffusion is not the only rate-controlling step and combination of mechanisms was involved in the entire adsorption process for MV on the CFLP; the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and random. Therefore, the CFLP can be used as low-cost adsorbent for refractory cationic organic dye in wastewater.     

Simultaneous determination of mercury, lead and cadmium ions in water using near-infrared spectroscopy with preconcentration by thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay

Analysis of metal ions in environment is of great importance for evaluating the risk of heavy metal to public health and ecological safety. A method for simultaneous determination of metal ions in water samples was developed by using adsorption preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS). A high capacity adsorbent of thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate, named Mg-MTMS, was prepared by co-condensation for preconcentration of Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in aqueous solutions. After adsorbing the analytes onto the adsorbent, NIRDRS was measured and PLS models were established for fast and simultaneous quantitative prediction. Because the interaction of the ions with the functional group of the adsorbent can be reflected in the spectra, the models built with the samples prepared by river water were proven to be efficient enough for precise prediction. The determination coefficients (R²) of the validation samples for the three ions were found as high as 0.9197, 0.9599 and 0.9861, respectively. Furthermore, because the high adsorption efficiency of Mg-MTMS, the detected concentrations are as low as milligrams per liter for the three ions, and the concentration can be further reduced. Therefore, the feasibility of quantitative analysis metal ions in river water by NIRDRS is proven and this may provide a new way for fast simultaneous determination of trace metals in environmental waters.     

SnNb2O6纳米片的合成及对达氟沙星的吸附

通过水热反应制备了新型SnNb₂O₆纳米片吸附剂, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积及孔径分析等手段对其结构和形貌进行了表征. 以第三代喹诺酮类抗生素达氟沙星为吸附质, 进行了影响因素实验、 吸附动力学实验及等温吸附实验, 探究了SnNb₂O₆对达氟沙星的吸附性能和吸附机理. 实验结果表明, SnNb₂O₆吸附剂具有片状形貌, 层状单斜相晶体结构, 比表面积为52.89 m²/g. 吸附剂用量、 吸附温度、 溶液pH值及吸附时间均对吸附率有一定影响. 相应的等温吸附曲线可以较好地拟合Freundlich方程, 且动力学实验数据可以用拟二级动力学方程描述, 其中液膜扩散为主要控制步骤. 在35 ℃下, 吸附剂用量为0.09 g, 控制溶液pH值为6.02时, 吸附30 min即可达到较好效果, 此时达氟沙星的吸附去除率为93.1%.     

修饰壳聚糖吸附低密度脂蛋白前后血浆中铜锌钙镁含量的变化

本文采用自制的修饰壳聚糖吸附剂对血浆中的低密度脂蛋白进行吸附后，用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测吸附前后血浆中Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg含量。为了减小血浆的用量，采用微量脉冲法进样，进样体积仅需100－200μl，血浆样品经稀释后直接测定。平均回收率为98．0－101．0％。相对标准偏差为1．89－4．27％。Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg的检出限分别为0.025,0.028,0.023,0.005μg/ml。方法简便，快速，需样量少，可同时多个元素。     

Sorption Studies of Nickel ions Onto Sawdust of Dalbergia Sissoo

Sawdust of Dalbergia sissoo, a byproduct of sawmills, was found to be a promising adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solution. Sorption of nickel ions onto sawdust of Dalbergia sissoo was studied using the batch technique. Kinetics studies show that nickel ions sorption process obeys a first order rate law. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for the data was tested. Both the models adequately describe the experimental data of the biosorption of nickel ions. The sorption capacities and energies were calculated. Langmuir parameters X_m and K₁ were found to increase with rise in temperature; Freundlich constants 1/n and K_f have been evaluated for 293K, 303K, 313K and 323K. Thermodynamic parameter ΔH° = 4.80 kJ mol^?;1 shows that sorption of nickel ions onto sawdust is an endothermic process.     

TDX—2吸附树脂对低度白酒的除浊,催陈作用

本文介绍了ＴＤＸ－２大孔吸附树选择性地吸附白酒中的三种高级脂肪酸乙酯，而不吸附或极少吸附其他溶质，将酒用泵打入吸附塔，除浊在瞬间完成，流出的酒根据不同产品需要加水降度，理化指无大变化。经树脂处理后白酒质量明显地得到改善，起到催陈作用，缩短陈化才熟期，该工艺已在较大酒厂用于年产万吨粮食低度白酒生产。     

聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯固相微萃取新型吸附质的研究与应用

实验以丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯为单体 ,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂 ,醋酸丁酯和甲苯作混合溶剂 ,溶剂用量与单体混合物的体积相同。采用溶液聚合的方法合成了一种新型固相微萃取吸附质 (苯乙烯 -丙烯酸丁酯共聚物 ) ,研究了此聚合物作为固相微萃取吸附质的性能。用顶空萃取法对水中低级芳烃化合物进行了萃取实验 ,考察了此高聚物涂层的热稳定性及单体比例与萃取率的关系。将自制涂层与PDMS涂层对低级芳烃化合物萃取量进行了比较 ,反映了苯乙烯 丙烯酸丁酯聚合物涂层的特点。