Temperature Effect on the Elasticity of Acrylamide-n-Isopropylacrylamide Copolymers

Acrylamide (AAm) – N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) copolymers were prepared via free radical crosslinking copolymerization with various weight percentages (wt%) of AAm and NIPA. The temperature dependence of the compressive elastic modulus, G, and toughness, U_T, of the PAAm- NIPA copolymers due to a volume phase transition was found using a compressive testing technique. It was observed that the compressive elastic modulus increased comprehensively when the temperature was increased between 30°C and 60°C. The PAAm- NIPA copolymers presented higher values of the compressive elastic modulus than pure NIPA above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (NIPA exhibits a volume phase transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in water at 31°C) and their compressive elastic modulus and toughness had a strong temperature dependence.     

微乳液法制备水溶性双亲丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物

分别以十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (OP 10 )为表面活性剂 ,丙烯酰胺 (AM)的水溶液为连续相 ,苯乙烯 (St)为分散相 ,构成微乳液共聚合体系 ,合成了水溶性双亲嵌段共聚物 ,并通过荧光探针技术、差示扫描量热 (DSC)测试及流变性能的测定表征了共聚物的嵌段性结构 ,用红外光谱 (FTIR)及紫外光谱 (UV)分析了共聚物的化学组成     

SERS的煎炸食品中丙烯酰胺速测方法研究

丙烯酰胺是一种具有神经毒性、生殖毒性,遗传毒性及免疫毒性的化合物,被列为2A级致癌物。富含碳水化合物的食物经高温烹饪后,丙烯酰胺暴露风险极大,建立对丙烯酰胺的速测方法具有重要的意义和实用价值。表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS)近年来发展迅速,利用高SERS活性纳米结构基底可实现对目标物拉曼"指纹"信号的高灵敏增强。复杂基质中目标物的SERS快速分析需要高活性的基底和高效的净化技术。建立了一种基于复合纳米结构的煎炸食品中丙烯酰胺的SERS快速分析方法。利用纳米银阵列负载纳米金粒子(AgNR@AuNPs)作为增强基底,一是该基底基于AgNR纳米棒之间以及AuNPs纳米粒子之间双重"热点"增强作用,对丙烯酰胺具有较高的SERS增强活性;二是该基底中AgNR为固相基底,每次使用前,利用稀硝酸除去表面氧化物,大大提高了SERS分析稳定性。还研究了AuNPs粒径和样品添加顺序对分析灵敏度的影响。煎炸食品中基质干扰严重,结合QuECHERS快速净化技术,在优化除脂、萃取溶剂及净化材料的用量比例、种类的基础上,选择正己烷为除脂溶剂,水∶乙腈(V/V=1∶1)为提取溶剂, MgSO4+NaCl为净化材料, 5 min内完成检测。分析灵敏度1μg·kg-1,在5~100μg·kg-1内以Δν=1 482 cm^-1为定量峰,实现定量分析,线性相关系数r=0.985, 5个添加浓度下回收率为77.1%~93.6%,相对标准偏差小于4.0%。所建立的方法有望用于食品安全现场检测中。     

丙烯酰胺对Span80-Tween85/Isopar M/丙烯酰胺-H2O拟三元体系相行为的影响

考察了丙烯酰胺对水/IsoparM界面张力的影响以及对水溶液中非离子性乳化剂Tween85的助溶效果,并深入探讨了丙烯酰胺对Span80-Tween85/IsoparM/AM-H2O拟三元体系相行为的影响过程。结果表明,丙烯酰胺能够提高Tween85在水溶液中的溶解度,并可有效降低油水界面张力,进而能够扩大Span80-Tween85/IsoparM/AM-H2O拟三元相图的反相乳液区域面积。     

N－甲基丙烯酰－N＇－嘧啶哌嗪与过硫酸钾引发体系引发的丙烯酰胺聚合

Ｎ－甲基丙烯酰－Ｎ＇－嘧啶哌嗪与过硫酸钾引发体系引发的丙烯酰胺聚合高青雨，张福莲，杨更须，张举贤（河南大学化学化工系，开封，４７５００１）李福绵（北京大学化学系，北京，１０００８７１）关键词Ｎ－甲基丙烯酰－Ｎ＇－嘧啶哌嗪，可聚合芳香叔胺，氧化还原引发...     

丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯双亲嵌段共聚物水溶液的表面活性及增溶性

在微乳液介质中制备了系列的丙烯酰胺 (AM)与苯乙烯 (St)的双亲嵌段共聚物 (PAM b PSt) ,用紫外分光光度法测定了共聚物的组成 ,用乌氏粘度计测定了共聚物的特性粘数 [η],并用其相对表征共聚物的分子量大小 .重点研究了双亲嵌段共聚物 (PAM b PSt)疏水链段在水溶液中的缔合行为、共聚物的表面活性及其对有机物的增溶性能 ,考察了共聚物分子组成 (疏水链段含量 )与分子量对其表面活性与增溶性能的影响规律 .研究结果表明 ,由于疏水链段的憎水性 ,PAM b PSt的分子链在水溶液表面会形成表面吸附 ,从而降低水溶液的表面张力 ;而在水溶液中 ,在疏水相互作用下 ,PAM b PSt分子链中的苯乙烯疏水链段会形成分子间或分子内的胶束 ,烃类有机物可增溶其中 ;疏水链段含量越大 ,分子量越小 ,PAM b PSt的表面活性与增溶性能越强     

Determination of acrylamide and methacrylamide by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography and UV detection

A method using normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) with UV detection was developed for the analysis of acrylamide and methacrylamide. The method relies on the chromatographic separation of these analytes on a polar HPLC column designed for the separation of organic acids. Identification of acrylamide and methacrylamide is approached dually, that is directly in their protonated forms and as their hydrolysis products acrylic and methacrylic acid respectively, for confirmation. Detection and quantification is performed at 200 nm. The method is simple allowing for clear resolution of the target peaks from any interfering substances. Detection limits of 10 microg L(-1) were obtained for both analytes with the inter- and intra-day RSD for standard analysis lying below 1.0%. Use of acetonitrile in the elution solvent lowers detection limits and retention times, without impairing resolution of peaks. The method was applied for the determination of acrylamide and methacrylamide in spiked food samples without native acrylamide yielding recoveries between 95 and 103%. Finally, commercial samples of french and roasted fries, cookies, cocoa and coffee were analyzed to assess applicability of the method towards acrylamide, giving results similar with those reported in the literature.     

SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF ACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS AND pHs

Swelling property of acrylamide hydrogels, prepared from aqueous solutions of acrylamide monomer having concentrations in the range of 10-60 wt% by γ-ray irradiation method using a Co-60 gamma radiation source at doses ranging 1-30.0 kGy, has been investigated under various swelling media. These swelling media were basically solvents (solutions), produced by dissolving methanol, ethanol, glucose, sucrose, sodium chloride and sodium persulfate individually with distilled water, and solutions prepared with pHs = 3, 7 and 10. The investigation was performed in order to observe the effect of these solvents and pHs as well as the influence of monomer concentrations, radiation doses and times on swelling behavior of hydrogels. Swelling values were found higher for hydrogels prepared with lower monomer concentrations (ca.20 wt%) and radiation doses (ca. 5 kGy) and showed a leveling off tendency within 24 h. The glucose solvent and the buffer solution of pH = 10 revealed significant increase of swelling of hydrogels as compared to other solutions. Results are explained based on crosslinking density in hydrogel, polymer-solvent/polymer-polymer interactions in solutions,permeability of molecules in solutions and ionization capacity of hydrogel in pH.     

STUDY ON ACRYLAMIDE-SODIUM ACRYLATE COPOLYMER GELS

Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymer hydrogels have been obtained by radiation techniques. Two different methods have been used to introduce—COONa groups into polymer chains of the gels: (1) by partial hydrolysis of acrylamide homopolymer gel; (2) by direct copolymerization and crosslinking of acrylamide and sodium acrylate in aqueous solutions. It was found that the gels obtained in different ways had different properties, the swelling character of the gels obtained by partial hydrolysis were more sensitive to pH of swelling aqueous media, in order to explain these differences, ~(13)C-NMR techniques were used to investigate the sequence distribution of monomer units of both gels.     

辐射引发丙烯酰胺微乳液聚合

辐射引发丙烯酰胺微乳液聚合徐相凌，张志成，张曼维（中国科学技术大学应用化学系合肥２３００２６）关键词丙烯酰胺，微乳液聚合，辐射引发聚合聚丙烯酸胺（ＰＡＭ）及其共聚物是广泛应用的水溶性高分子．８０年代中期，Ｃａｎｄａｕ等’‘－”首先开始研究了丙烯酸胺的...