1,2- and 1,3-diphosphetanes from alkylidenephosphines

Abstract

Alkyl- or arylbis(trimethylsilyl)phosphines as well as tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine and the corresponding arsines react with acyl chlorides to give [1-(trimethylsiloxy)alkylidene]phosphines 1 and -arsines 2; most of their 2,2-dimethylpropylidene derivatives are thermally stable at room temperature. With the same class of phosphines as starting compounds and carbon disulfide [bis(trimethylsilylsulfano)methylidene]phosphines 3 are formed, whereas [(dialkylamino)methylidene]-4 and [diarylmethylidene]phosphines 5 or the corresponding arsines 6 and 7 can be obtained from acyl amides or ketones.¹     

自动电位滴定法测定冷轧薄板酸洗液中总酸度

自动电位滴定法测定酸液中总酸度具有简单、快捷、不受其他元素干扰等优点。用硫代硫酸钠掩蔽铁离子,利用自动电位滴定仪测定冷轧薄板酸洗液的总酸度(以盐酸量计)。当电位突变达30mV以上时,仪器自动判定滴定终点。自动电位滴定法测定冷轧薄板酸洗液中总酸度结果与酸碱中和滴定方法具有较好的一致性。相对标准偏差小于0.6%,能够满足生产检验的要求。     

“宏观辨识与微观探析”视域下的初中化学教学*——中和反应

在“宏观辨识与微观探析”视域下进行中和反应教学,首先以常规实验为载体,从宏观视角认识中和反应的外在表现,然后以模型、动画为载体,从微观视角了解中和反应的微观过程,再以数字化实验为载体,从宏观与微观相结合的视角理解中和反应的内在本质,最后联系生产生活实际,体验中和反应的应用价值。这样设计,学生能深刻理解中和反应的本质,增进化学学科理解,培养化学学科核心素养。     

基于膦酸基的高温质子交换膜的研究进展

提高质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)的工作温度,不但可以提高电催化剂的活性以及电催化剂对原料气中CO等杂质气体的耐受能力,少用甚至不用Pt 等贵金属作电催化剂,还可以简化PEMFCs的水热管理系统,提高PEMFCs的综合能量转化效率. 实现高温PEMFCs的核心是开发能够适用于高温PEMFCs的高温质子交换膜(HT-PEM),是PEMFCs的研究热点. 在众多HT-PEM候选材料中,基于膦酸基的质子交换膜材料是最具前途的候选材料之一,是制备HT-PEM的主要研究方向. 本文综述了基于膦酸基的HT-PEM的研究进展,讨论了膦酸基参与的质子传导机理,比较了纯聚合物膦酸膜、膦酸基接枝改性膜、酸-碱两性膜、掺杂型复合膜的电导率、物理化学稳定性、机械性能等. 最后,展望了基于膦酸基的HT-PEM的发展趋势.     

感应耦合等离子体中和枪的电子引出特性研究

给出了一种感应耦合等离子体源的设计,用于等离子体中和枪装置.通过实验方法研究等离子体源的电子引出特性,并结合理论分析了等离子体密度随射频功率的变化关系.研究结果表明等离子体源的电子引出特性与放电腔内气压有关联性,E?H模式转换中电子密度的变化与负载的电感值相关.研究成果对等离子体中和枪的发展有重要的参考价值.     

反相气相色谱表征可溶性聚酰亚胺的表面性质

采用反相气相色谱技术,将正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷作为非极性分子探针,乙醚、丙酮、三氯甲烷作为极性分子探针在50℃、60℃、70℃和80℃条件下测定了可溶性聚酰亚胺HQDPA-DMMDA的表面色散自由能与表面Lewis酸碱性质.HQDPA-DMMDA在50℃、60℃、70℃和80℃的表面色散自由能分别为34.37、31.80、29.50和27.64 mJ/m2,自由能随温度的升高而线性降低.实验发现,HQDPA-DMMDA为弱的Lewis两性聚合物材料,其Lewis酸常数Ka为0.4115,碱常数Kb为0.5812.     

The Synthesis and Application of the Mesoporous Molecular Sieves MCM-41 — A Review

We report a “delayed neutralization” process for the preparation of highly-ordered aluminosilicate MCM-41 molecular sieves with high thermal and hydrothermal stability, and sharp pore size distribution. However, the structural order and pore size are dependent on the carbon chain length. In the mixture surfactant systems, the pore size of the MCM-41 materials could be fine-tuned. The pore size can be extended from 2.5 to 4.5 nm by adding a suitable amount of hydrocarbons. The tubular morphology of the MCM-41 material of 0.3 to 10 micrometers diameter, where the wall consists of coaxial cylindrical pores of nanometers MCM-41, can be obtained by careful control of the surfactant-water content and the rate of condensation of silica. An optimum condition for automatic synthesis of the hierarchical TWT structure has been accomplished. The addition of 1-alkanols as cosurfactant would not only improve the order of the MCM-41 hexagonal structure but also promote the formation of micrometer-sized hierarchical materials, for example: tubules-within-tubule and uniform-sized hollow spheres of diameter 5.0 ± 1.0 μm. However, the inside of the micron spheres has intricate structures possessing various topological genus ranks. The MCM-41 is a good supporter for Molybdenum oxide catalysts. The rate of deactivation in the catalytic reaction of ethyl-benzene dehydrogenation to styrene increases in the order: M_T < M_P < SiO₂. The physically mixed samples have higher catalytic activity than impregnated ones.     

卡尔曼滤波光谱法用于化学平衡研究

提出了光谱法与卡尔曼滤波及因子分析相结合的新方法以研究化学平衡,将复杂的化学平衡视为特殊的多组分混合体系,其中各物种在不同介质中存在相互的平衡,卡尔曼滤波及因子分析被用作有效的化学计量学分辨工具,从光谱数据中提取信息,已用于确定所存在的物种数目和浓度以及平衡常数,本文以部分三苯甲烷试剂为例确定其酸碱平衡常数。     

基于热成像仪从能量视角辨观化学反应*

“能量”是学生认识化学变化的重要维度,本实验借助手持红外热成像仪“看到”化学反应中的能量变化。在实验中通过拍摄等量的不同酸溶液与氢氧化钠溶液混合反应时的热成像图,从“温度”高低间接反映出热量变化,从宏观的能量变化建立模型,推理微观的成键、断键等过程,探究酸碱中和反应过程的放热以及弱酸电离过程的吸热,并培养学生的证据推理能力和科学探究意识。     

Auger electron emission from metals induced by low energy ion bombardment: Effect of the band structure and Fermi edge singularity

Calculations of the kinetic energy distributions of electrons ejected from plane metal surfaces by Auger neutralization of slow monoatomic ions are reported. A many body theory is used that includes both the band structure of the target material and the Fermi singular response of metal electrons (to the sudden neutralization of the projectile). Application is made to experiments of electron emission from polycrystalline Al by Ar⁺-ions, at varying incident energies and angles. Adjustment of the broadening parameters of the distribution of shake-up electrons leads to excellent agreement between the theory and the measurements.