A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Acetyl Phosphate

A facile method for the synthesis of acetyl phosphate by a reaction of 2-hydroxypropylphosphate with acetic acid is described.     

Studies on Spiroheterocycles,Part III: Synthesis of Diazaspiroundecanetetraone Derivatives Containing Biologically Active Heterocycles

Barbituric acid 2 upon Michael addition with dibenzal acetones 1a–c afforded the corresponding diazaspiro derivatives 3a–c . The base-catalyzed condensation of 3a–c with various aromatic aldehydes produces diarylidine derivatives 4a–l . The diarylidene compounds 4a–l on condensation with hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, hydroxylamine, urea, guanidine carbonate, and hydrazine hydrate with acetic acid afforded their respective in situ oxidized products 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , and 10 . The structures of the compounds are ascertained from their analytical and spectral data. Some of the compounds are screened for their biological activities against E. coli, B. cirroflagellosus, A. niger, and C. albicans.     

Deacetylation of Thioacetate using Acetyl Chloride in Methanol

A highly efficient method for the deacetylation of thioacetate is reported under mild acidic conditions employing acetyl chloride in methanol. Some of the major advantages are mild conditions, high efficiency, high yields, and easy operations.     

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Erodium arborescens Aerial Part Extracts and Characterization by LC-HESI-MS2 of Its Acetone Extract

The phytochemical analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Erodium arborescens aerial part extracts constitute the focus of this research. The chemical composition of an acetone extract was investigated using LC-HESI-MS², which revealed the presence of 70 compounds. The major identified components were tannin derivatives. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were assessed in plant extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol). The results showed that the acetone extract exhibited the highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, 895.54 and 36.39 mg QE/g DE, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to other extracts, Erodium arborescens acetone extract was endowed with the highest antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) tests. In addition, the four extracts of Erodium arborescens showed variable degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested strains, and the interesting activity was obtained with acetone and methanol extracts.     

Acetone as Artifact of Analysis in Terpene Samples by HS-GC/MS

Cannabis-infused product manufacturers often add terpenes to enhance flavor. Meanwhile, labeling requirements for these same products necessitate testing for residual solvent levels. We have found that heating terpene samples containing an oxygen or air atmosphere results in the detection of significantly higher levels of acetone when compared to the same compound in argon atmosphere using temperature regimes common to headspace autosampler routines. This formation was statistically significant (p = 0.05) for most of the predominant terpenes found in cannabis. The largest increase in acetone formation was seen for terpinolene which showed an 885% increase in oxygen atmosphere (4603.6 PPM) when compared to analysis under argon (519.9 PPM). Cannabinoids were shown to reduce this formation and explain why high levels of acetone are not reported in cannabis extracts, even though these can contain up to 40% terpenes.     

Ultrasound assisted crystallization for the recovery of lactose in an anti‐solvent acetone

Continuous worldwide increase in high‐scale production of dairy products leads to the constant generation of vast amounts of liquid by‐product, whey. Disposal of liquid whey is costly due to its high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and water content. More than 90% of whey BOD is due to lactose. Recovery of lactose from whey solves both the problems of improving economics of whey utilization and pollution reduction as lactose recovery itself can reduce BOD of whey by more then 80%. Commercial effluent treatment techniques focus on degradation rather than recovery of useful by‐products like lactose. Also, these techniques are time consuming and hence not effective enough. Sonocrystallization is the use of power ultrasound to control the crystallization process during the nucleation phase. In the present study, the process of lactose crystallization has been studied for the recovery of lactose from reconstituted lactose solutions with the aid of ultrasound, in the presence of ‘acetone’, as an anti‐solvent. The crystallization is found to be completed with excellent yields in the range of 80 – 92% within 4 minutes of sonication. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Efficient AcFc-[FeIII(acac)3] Redox Couple for Non-aqueous Redox Flow Battery at Low Temperature

The temperature dependency of the electrochemical analysis of acetyl ferrocene (AcFc) and iron(III) acetylacetonate ([Fe(acac)₃]) has been investigated for non-aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs). AcFc and [Fe(acac)₃] were utilized as catholyte and anolyte species, respectively, in an electrochemical cell with a cell voltage of 1.41 V and Coulombic efficiencies >99% for up to 50 total cycles at room temperature (RT, 25 °C). Experiments with a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) indicate that the diffusion coefficient reduces with decreasing temperature from 25 °C to 0 °C, yet the overall storage capacity was higher than that of an aqueous redox flow battery (ARFBs). The electrochemical kinetic rate constant (k₀) of AcFc was found to be greater than that of [Fe(acac)₃]. However, the value of k₀ was not affected by the variable temperature. ¹H NMR investigations reveal that temperature change during battery trials did not occur in any structural modification. The obtained result demonstrates the suitability of this battery at low temperatures.