三方非对称进化博弈行为分析

随着政府涉入领域以及社会合作谈判领域的增多,三方非对称进化博弈越来越多地出现在现实生活中.但目前国内外对该类型的进化博弈研究甚少,这显然不利于正确地解释和预测该类型的博弈行为.基于此,运用进化博弈论中的“复制动态”思想,对三方非对称的2×2×2进化博弈进行了渐进稳定性分析,完整地给出了其定性行为的等价定量分类和各参与主体不同情况下的稳定性策略,并且用三维立体图演示了不同策略组合的渐进趋势,从而为研究现实生活中该类型的博弈行为提供了一种理论依据.     

稳定分布的多期投资组合模型及其应用

本文研究了多期投资组合模型的问题.利用非正态稳定分布和参数估计的方法,建立了市场上含一个无风险证券和多个风险证券时多期投资组合的模型,对于描述风险证券所具有的偏态和过度峰态的非正态特征及其股市中的应用起到了作用.     

Graft polymerization of epoxide and alternating graft copolymerization of epoxide–acid anhydride onto a polystyrene backbone having an aminimide moiety

Graft polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and alternating graft copolymerization of GPE–succinic anhydride (SA) onto a polymer‐supported aminimide were examined. The polymer‐supported aminimide was synthesized by radical polymerization of 1,1‐dimethyl‐1‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxy)propyl)amine 2‐benzoylimide, which was prepared by the reaction of methyl benzoate with equimolar amounts of 1,1‐dimethyl hydrazine and 4‐glycidylmethylstyrene. This aminimide could initiate the polymerization of GPE and alternating copolymerization of GPE with SA to give the corresponding graft copolymers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1041–1048, 1999     

Peroxide initiated maleic anhydride grafting: Structural studies on an ester‐containing copolymer and related substrates

Maleic anhydride (MAn) was grafted onto the low molecular weight esters methyl decanoate (MD) and methyl 2‐ethylhexanoate (MEH) using the free‐radical initiators Lupersol‐101 and ‐130; the esters were used as model compounds for the copolymer poly(ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate). The grafted products in both cases were isolated from the unreacted ester and were subjected to extensive analysis using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Analysis of the grafted material indicated the presence of one or more succinic anhydride (SAn) residues grafted to the ester. In the case of the multiply grafted material it has been established conclusively by ¹³C‐NMR using 2,3‐¹³C₂ labeled MAn that the multiple grafts exist as single units. A limited number of grafting experiments was performed on the copolymer in the melt and the graft‐modified copolymer was characterized spectroscopically. Single graft units were observed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1609–1618, 1999     

The influence of partial emulsification on coalescence suppression and interfacial tension reduction in PP/PET blends

This study examines how the relative role of coalescence suppression and interfacial tension reduction influence the particle size at various levels of in situ compatibilization. The polymers studied are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as matrix and a polypropylene (PP) as dispersed phase compatibilized by a triblock copolymer of poly(styrene–hydrogenated butadiene–styrene) (SEBS) grafted with maleic anhydride. The interfacial tension was studied by the breaking‐thread method, and it was used along with the morphology to characterize the emulsification efficacy of the copolymers. By modifying the concentration of MA grafted on the SEBS, different levels of emulsification of the blends were obtained. A comparison of 1/99 and 10/90 PP/PET blends compatibilized by SEBS‐g‐MA allows one to distinguish the relative role of interfacial tension and coalescence suppression in diminishing particle size. It is shown that varying degrees of residual coalescence remain, depending on the level of %MA in the copolymer. A detailed study of the 2%MA system below interfacial saturation was carried out to shed further light on the dependence of coalescence suppression on emulsification level and interfacial coverage. After separating out the contribution of interfacial tension on particle size reduction, it is shown that coalescence suppression for this system increases gradually with areal density of modifier at the interface right up to the region of interfacial saturation. Finally, the interfacial and morphological data were used to test the ability of the Lee and Park model to describe coalescence in polymer blends. Reasonable agreement was found between the parameter c₁, describing the coalescence in that model, and the trends related to residual coalescence from this study. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 939–951, 1999     

Reverse versus Normal Prenyl Transferases in Paraherquamide Biosynthesis Exhibit Distinct Facial Selectivities

Both a face-selective and a non-face-selective mode of formation of quaternary centers of isoprene-derived structural moieties of the natural alkaloid paraherquamide A ( 1 ) have been discovered by feeding experiments on Penicillium fellutanum with [U-¹³C₆]-glucose and [¹³C₂]-acetate. The labeling patterns suggest that the methyl groups (C22, C23) are introduced in a non-face-selective manner by a reverse prenyl transferase. The C₅ unit comprising the dioxepin moiety retains stereochemical integrity indicative of a single, face-selective addition of the phenolic group to the dimethylallyl group.     

干涉博弈的定义及性质

本文从石油输出国家组织 - OPEC提出限制原油产品的背景出发 ,提出干涉博弈的概念 :当给出博弈 v(M)≤ q,q∈ R的约束条件时 ,原博弈 v(S)变成一个新的博弈 -干涉博弈 vq.证明了当 q≥ i∈ Mv({ i} ) ,xi ≥ v(M)q v({ i} )时 ,vq的稳定集非空 ,vq是相对稳定的 ;当 q < i∈ Mv({ i} )时 ,该博弈的分配是不存在的 ,导致其稳定集是空集 ,vq 是不稳定的 .     

供氢(氘)剂在减压渣油四组分裂化中的作用及其同位素效应

研究了辽河减渣四组分在微型高压釜内中临氮热裂化、临氢热裂化和临氢催化加氢反应,考察了供氢剂或供氘剂对上述反应的影响。结果表明,临氮热裂化时沥青质是大量生焦的物种,胶质的生焦能力不显著,芳香分、饱和分不生焦;临氢热裂化沥青质生焦量减少,胶质很少生焦,芳香分和饱和分不生焦;临氢催化加氢时,辽河减渣四组分在临氢反应基础之上,生焦量进一步降低。辽河减渣四组分在临氮热裂化、临氢热裂化和临氢催化加氢过程中添加供氢剂或供氘剂后,生焦反应得到显著抑制,相比之下供氢剂的作用更为明显。三种氢源都具有抑制渣油四组分缩合或缩聚反应的作用。渣油四组分从供氢剂或供氘剂中获得氢（氘）的能力不同,沥青质>胶质>芳香分≈饱和分。就同一组分而言,供氢剂或供氘剂的表观供氢（氘）率随反应条件不同而不同,临氮热裂化> 临氢热裂化>临氢催化加氢过程。供氢剂与供氘剂在所有的过程中都存在明显的动力学效应,并且这个动力学效应随加工环境的不同而变化,在临氮热裂化过程中动力学同位素效应明显。在临氢热裂化过程,尤其是催化加氢裂化过程中动力学效应逐渐变得不明显。2H-NMR分析表明,氘代四氢萘的环烷环中的α位比β位的脱氢选择性高,氘代四氢萘脱氢选择性大小的顺序为：临氮热裂化>临氢热裂化>临氢催化加氢过程。     

Observation of 18O/16O isotope effects at the cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

¹⁸O/¹⁶O isotope effects were observed at the cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell at 25 and 35°C. Results of experiments in which the ¹⁸O/¹⁶O isotope ratios of the oxygen gases supplied to and exhausted from the cell were measured revealed that the lighter isotope ¹⁶O reacted more preferentially to form water molecules at the cathode than the heavier one, ¹⁸O. The value of the oxygen isotope separation factor, S₁, defined as the ratio of the ¹⁸O/¹⁶O isotope ratios of the oxygen gases supplied to and exhausted from the cell, ranged from 1.0030 to 1.0139, and tended to decrease with decreasing rate of oxygen utilisation (θ) and with increasing flow rate of the feed oxygen gas (D_F). The value of another separation factor, S₂, defined as the ratio of the ¹⁸O/¹⁶O isotope ratios of the exhausted oxygen gas and oxygen having reacted to form water molecules at the cathode, ranged from 1.0049 to 1.0304. The S₂ value was much less affected by the change in θ and D_F than the S₁ value with the majority of the S₂ value being in the range of 1.0240–1.0304.