Natural and artificial photo-aging of non-stabilized and pigmented, hindered-amine stabilized propylene-ethylene copolymers

This paper describes the chemical evolution of two propylene-ethylene copolymer formulations, non-stabilized and carbon black filled - HALS stabilized, exposed to a range of natural and artificially accelerated weathering techniques, commonly used in the field of material testing. With the non-stabilized formulation, a fairly good representation of weathering in outdoor conditions was demonstrated with any of the accelerated exposures through the recognition of similar chemical changes at the molecular level. In contrast, the additives in the stabilized matrix induced very different chemical evolutions depending on the weathering techniques employed. This variability has been used to critically characterize those techniques on a scientific basis.     

The role of transition metals in oxidative degradation of cellulose

The role of transition metals in oxidative degradation of cellulose has been studied. Degradation experiments with model papers and studies of hydroxyl radical production in solution have been performed with Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, and Zn. Rates of production of hydroxyl radicals in solution have been estimated using the radical scavenger N,N′-(5-nitro-1,3-phenylene)bisglutaramide in the pH interval 7-9. Hydroxyl radical production during degradation of Cu-containing cellulose has been studied. To gain a better insight into chemistry behind degradation processes, chemiluminometric experiments were also performed.The experiments provide strong evidence that the role of transition metals during the oxidative degradation of cellulose is catalytic. A correlation between the behaviour of transition metals in solution and in paper was established at low contents of transition metal in paper.     

Comparison of different extraction techniques for the determination of chlorinated pesticides in animal feed

The performances of Soxhlet extraction, dive-in Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), fluidized-bed extraction (FBE), and ultrasonic extraction (UE) for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in animal feed have been investigated. ASE and MAE provided significantly better extraction efficiency than Soxhlet extraction. The concentrations were 126.7 and 114.8%, respectively, of the values obtained by classical Soxhlet extraction, whereas the results from FBE and dive-in Soxhlet were comparable with those from the standard Soxhlet procedure. The reproducibility of FBE was the best, with RSDs ranging from 0.3 to 3.9%. Under the investigated operation conditions UE was not efficient, with the recoveries of target compounds being about 50% less than Soxhlet. Additionally, the performances of Soxhlet, dive-in Soxhlet, MAE, ASE and FBE were validated by determination of the certified reference material BCR-115. The results from the extraction techniques were in good agreement with the certified values.     

用于流化床燃烧脱硫的石灰石固硫反应模型

在模拟流化床燃烧脱硫气氛和温度条件下，建立了石灰石煅与固硫反应同时进行的数学模型。描述了两反应过程之间的相互影响及石灰石内部晶粒大小、孔隙率和运行参数对反应过程的影响。模型的合理性通过理论计算和实验结果的比较得到验证。     

含螯合配位体的M-Fe-S系列簇合物的合成,结构和性质研究(M=Mo,W)

本文总结报道了(1) [Et_4N]_3[Mo_2FeS_6(SCH_2CH_2S)_2],(2) [Et_4N]_3[W_2FeS_6(SCH_2CH_2S)_2]_2(3) {[Et_4N]_3[Mo_2FeS_6(SCH_2-CH_2S]_2}_4·CH_3CN和(4) [Et_4N]_4[Mo_2Fe_4S_9(SCH_2CH_2S)_2]四种簇合物的合成,结构和性质研究。在Nicolet R_3 System四圆单晶衍射仪上,用MoK_辐射收集数据,用SHELXTL程序,重原子法解出这些簇合物的晶体结构,用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱和穆斯堡尔谱对簇合物进行了物理性质的测定.同时用循环伏安法对簇合物的氧化还原特性也进行了研究,并结合量子化学计算探讨了簇合物的电子结构和性能之间的关系。     

Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by ceric ion-organic sulphur compounds reducing agent systems

Polymerization of acrylonitrile was investigated using ceric ion-organic sulfur compounds reducing agent systems. The organic sulphur compounds used as the reductants are, thiourea, thioacetamide, 2-amino ethanethiol, cysteine, and thioglycolic acid. The rates of polymerization were measured within the temperature range of 25 to 40 °C. The initiation was by the radical produced from Ce⁴⁺-sulphur compounds reaction. The rate of monomer disappearance was proportional to [M]^1.5, [S]^0.5 and the rate of ceric disappearance was directly proportional to [S] and [Ce⁴⁺]. A kinetic scheme involving the initiation by the primary radical and termination of the growing polymer radicals by the mutual type has been suggested and the kinetic percentage have been evaluated.     

Thermogravimetric investigation on combustion characteristics of oil shale and high sulphur coal mixture

Co-combustion experiments of mixture of Huadian oil shale and Heshan coal with high sulphur content have been conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effects of five different Ca/S mol ratios on the combustion characteristics of mixture fuel are analyzed using TG and DTG curves. The results show that the initial temperature of combustion of mixture fuel is decreased with an increase in the oil shale content of mixture fuel. The combustion characteristic of mixture fuel is superior to that of Heshan coal. Adding about 20 mass% Huadian oil shale into Heshan coal is feasible for desulfurization of mixture fuel during combustion.     

Application of the iodine-azide reaction to the catalytic determination of divalent sulphur compounds in alcoholic medium: Determination of ethylenethiourea in some biological materials

A new catalytic method for the determination of divalent sulphur compounds, which are soluble or insoluble in water, based on the iodine–azide reaction in various alcoholic solutions is described. As model divalent sulphur catalysts the sodium sulphide and thiourea were chosen. Determination of ethylenethiourea in alcoholic extracts from apples and bananas was an example of practical application of the proposed method. To that purpose five previous elaborated techniques were adopted: titration, volumetric, gas chromatographic, enthalpimetric and potentiometric. The effect of other organic solvents, salts, acids and pH on the determination of divalent sulphur catalysts was also evaluated.     

Correlations between structure and accelerated artificial ageing of XLPE

The elucidation of the structural and morphological changes that occur during the crosslinking of polyethylene and the correlation of these changes with the physical, chemical and ageing resistance is very important to forecast the properties and the performance of the final material.The accelerated ageing of XLPE samples with various degrees of crosslinking has been carried out using two types of artificial weathering equipments, with UV or Xenon light bulbs with different cycles of temperature and humidity, varying time of exposition for both systems. The changes in the properties of the materials have been analyzed by Tensile Tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The main degradation effects for each level of crosslinking is presented for the pristine XLPE.     

液相色谱-质谱法测定不粘锅特富龙涂层中全氟辛酸铵残留

报道了一种基于快速溶剂提取(ASE)-液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法定量测定不粘锅特富龙涂层中全氟辛酸铵(APFO)残留分析方法。采用乙腈快速溶剂提取不粘锅涂层中的APFO残留,以乙腈和10mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,经高效液相色谱分离,以多极反应监测(MRM)测定。本方法在0.5~100μg/L内线性良好(R2=0.9995);检出限1 ng/g;方法回收率在80.5%~124.6%之间,相对标准偏差为1.33%~9.30%。本方法准确、快速、简便,可用于不粘锅涂层中APFO残留的检测。