基于数学形态学的弱点状运动目标的检测

提出了一种新的基于数学形态学的红外图像序列中弱点状运动目标的非参数检测算法。采用数学形态学抑制背景杂波干扰和增强目标,用沿时间轴投影和二维空域搜索代替复杂的时空三维搜索形成组合帧,然后在每条可能的轨迹上将进行目标能量累加,实现了一种快速检测前跟踪(TBD)检测算法。仿真实验表明:在恒虚警概率条件下,该检测算法能高效地检测信噪比约为2的弱点状运动目标,检测性能对噪声分布不敏感,能精确地得到目标的即时位置和速度信息,适合于实时图像处理和目标探测,具有很高的实用价值。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钴-镍合金镀层中的钴和镍

利用原子吸收光谱法研究了在氨基磺酸钴-镍镀液中，赫尔槽试片上不同电流密度区合金镀层中钴、镍的含量。实验表明，该方法简便，快捷，结果准确，精密度高。相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.30%-0.62%，加标回收率为97.0%-104.0%。     

小麦超弱延迟发光测试系统

应用一种新型高灵敏度光电倍增管作为传感器,设计一套用于检测小麦超弱发光的光子计数测量系统,实现对储藏小麦超弱发光的定量测量.适当安排LED阵列分布,设计适合延迟发光需要的照明系统,通过对白光LED光源辐射等效单光子能量和流明效率的计算,建立起光照度与光子数强度之间的联系,实现了光源照射强度与样品延迟发光强度之间的定量比较.对不同光照强度下小麦样品延迟发光的测试和双曲函数拟合,探讨了小麦超弱延迟发光双曲函数拟合参量的变化规律;发现不同照射强度下存在不同的饱和照射时间;小麦超弱延迟发光强度曲线符合双曲衰减规律,超弱延迟发光持续时间达数小时.通过对光照时间和数据采集时间的精确控制,以及在拟合函数中设置延迟时间参量因子,实现了延迟发光测试数据对应时间点的精确标定.     

小波图像融合在太赫兹无损检测中的应用

玻璃纤维增强复合材料被广泛应用于航天、航空及其他军民各领域,它在制备和使用过程中通常会出现多个缺陷。太赫兹时域光谱成像技术有望成为玻璃纤维增强复合材料无损检测的有力补充手段。在太赫兹时域光谱成像过程中,可以选取时域或频域波形中的不同参数来进行成像。对于不同的缺陷,能够有效地对其进行检测的参数是不一样的。采用基于小波分解的图像融合方法将多幅不同参数获取的太赫兹反射图像结合起来,得到一幅包含所有缺陷信息的新图像。研究表明,基于小波分解的图像融合方法在太赫兹无损检测中的应用,能够获取单一参数成像无法检测的缺陷信息,为复合材料太赫兹图像后期处理提供了新的技术方法。     

光声光谱技术在多组分气体浓度探测中的应用

CO和CH_4气体作为判断变压器运行状态的故障气体,对其浓度的探测在变压器维护中具有重要意义.为了准确探测变压器运行过程中产生的CH_4和CO气体浓度,本文利用光声光谱技术,设计了一套基于宽带光源的多组分气体探测系统,和共振型光声系统相比,该系统中所用的非共振型光声池体积小,易加工,池内各处信号强度相同,降低了对声学信号探测器的安装要求.系统的性能通过对CO和CH_4气体的探测进行评估.首先,从理论上分析了信号强度与调制频率呈反比,然后根据宽带光声系统在不同调制频率下的响应,确定系统的最佳调制频率为22 Hz.在最佳调制频率下,根据温度与待测气体光声信号的关系,对光声信号进行温度补偿,消除温度变化对光声信号的影响,进一步提高了系统的稳定性.最后,通过不同浓度的CH_4和CO气体对系统进行标定.实验表明,温度补偿前后,光声信号随温度的漂移分别为0.023 23V/℃和8.383 48×10~(-5) V/℃,通过对不同浓度CH_4和CO气体的探测,系统的线性度分别达到0.995和0.998 4.在一个大气压下,积分时间为1s时,宽带光声探测系统对CO和CH_4气体的探测极限浓度能够达到1μL/L.该系统成本低,线性度好,探测灵敏度符合国标对变压器维护过程中CO和CH_4气体的探测要求.     

基于复小波包分形理论的爬壁机器人故障检测

通过研究爬壁式机器人的控制和运动特征，提出一种基于复小波包分形理论的故障检测方法．利用复小波包的平移不变性，将爬壁式机器人传感器输出信号分解成独立的频谱，并进行阀值处理和重构，从而有效去除高频噪音并提取故障的特征频率；依据信号分形维数的多尺度不变性，在嵌入维数空间，采用维数最大距离法，确定复小波包域故障信号的关联雏数．仿真实验表明，爬壁式机器人在各种异常工作模式下的故障信号关联维数能比较真实地反映其故障状态空间，同时也验证了故障信号的关联维数低于正常信号的关联维数作为故障发生与否的定量判据的正确性．     

Non-Invasive Detection of Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivity and Key Chemical Indicators of the Commercial Lanqin Oral Solution by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Quality control methods of current traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation is time-consuming and difficult to assess in terms of overall efficiency of the drug. A non-destructive rapid near-infrared spectroscopy detection system for key chemical components and biological activity of Lanqin oral solution (LOS), one of the best-selling TCM formulations, was established for comprehensive quality evaluation. Near infrared spectral scanning was carried out on 101 batches of commercial LOS under the penetrated vial state and traditional state. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured to detect the anti-inflammatory ability of LOS, and the reference concentrations of epigoitrin, geniposide, and baicalin were obtained by HPLC. The quantitative models were optimized by three kinds of variable selection methods. The correlation coefficients of prediction value of the models were greater than 0.94. The system also passed the external validation. The performance of the non-invasive models was similar to the traditional models. The established non-destructive system can be applied to the rapid quality inspection of LOS to avoid unqualified drugs from entering the market and ensure drug effectiveness. The biological activity index of LOS was introduced and predicted by NIRs for the first time, which provides a new idea about the quality control of TCM formulations.     

Effects of Organic Acids on the Release of Fruity Esters in Water: An Insight at the Molecular Level

It is well known that organic acids (OAs) could affect the flavour of fruit juices and beverages. However, the molecular mechanism of aroma release is still unclear. In this study, the effects of citric acid (CA), L-(-)-malic acid (MA) and L-lactic acid (LA) on the release of six selected esters and their sensory perception were investigated by means of HS-GC-MS analyses and odour detection threshold determination, respectively. Meanwhile, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation was employed to explore the interaction modes between esters and OAs. HS-GC-MS analyses showed that the concentration and the type of OAs regulated the release of esters. The results were basically consistent with the detection threshold change of those esters. The DFT calculation suggested that the main intermolecular interaction was hydrogen bonds, and several esters could form a ternary ring structure with OAs through hydrogen bonds. The interactions can induce the different release behaviours of esters in OAs water solution. The number of carboxyl functional groups in OAs and the spatial conformation of esters appeared to influence the magnitude of the interaction. The above results demonstrated the mechanism of OAs affecting the release of esters and indicated a possible flavour control way by using different OAs and OA concentrations.     

CeF3闪烁探测器对DD中子的相对灵敏度

用国内近年新研制的CeF3闪烁体和常用闪烁体ST401分别配特性相同的光电倍增管,构成两种闪烁体探测器,在强度不随时间变化的DD中子源场中测量了这两种闪烁探测器的相对灵敏度,测量结果表明：CeF3闪烁探测器对DD中子的灵敏度比同尺寸ST401的灵敏度低一个量级以上。     

基于硒化锌薄膜法的食源性致病菌原位红外光谱检测

食源性致病菌是引发和威胁公众健康的主要因素之一.由于食源性致病菌种类繁多,常规检测方法复杂耗时要求高,因此迫切需要一种更加快速精确的致病菌检测技术.在传统红外光谱检测致病菌的流程中,如经典的溴化钾压片法,除了压片本身的操作之外通常还需对样品进行冷冻干燥(约需2 d)等耗时前处理过程,因而不利于高通量快速检测.本研究利用...