气相色谱柱温的智能最佳化II. 程序设计原理及其应用

本文给出了气相色谱柱温智能最佳化的程序设计原理及其应用实例, 用烃/卤代烃混合样作为实际样品进行验证, 预测值与实验值能很好吻合。     

论物质的分子结构与临界温度

分析了Thodos等的理论方法及公式的不足后,利用分子物理学和光谱学的理论与实验研究成果,根据及Dieterici方程,解出T_c∝1/f(K);根据Kirchhoff定律d(△H)/dT=△C_p,导出.经用120种不同结构类型的无机化合物验算,平均误差0.68％;当以405种有机化合物验证时,平均误差0.450％,优于文献中各式.     

银配合物与联氨定向反应的研究II. 酸度与温度对定向反应影响

本文研究了酸度和温度对银配合物与联氨定向反应的影响, 在不同的pH和温度下, 微量Cu(II)离子的加入均能有效地提高N2H4的四电子定向反应率; N2H4的四电子反应率随体系pH和温度的提高吾有序增加, 无Cu(II)离子存在时, N2H4的四电子反应率与银配合物logβ2呈线性关系。Cu(II)离子存在时, N2H4单电子反应率的对数与1/logβ2呈线性关系。     

Improved Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Covalently-Bonded Interface Polymer–Particle Nanocomposites

Interfacial covalent bonding is an effective approach to increase the electrical resistance of a polymer–particle composite to charge flow and dielectric breakdown. A bifunctional tether reagent bonded to an inorganic oxide particle surface assists with particle dispersion within a thermosetting epoxy polymer matrix but then also reacts covalently with the polymer matrix. Bonding the particle surface to the polymer matrix resulted in a composite that maintained the pure polymer glass transition temperature, compared to modified or unmodified particle dispersions that lacked covalent bonding to the polymer matrix, which depressed the polymer glass transition to lower temperatures. The added interfacial control, directly bonding the particle to the polymer matrix, appears to prevent conductive percolation across particle surfaces that results in a reduced Maxwell–Wagner relaxation of the polymer–particle composite and a reduced sensitivity to a dielectric breakdown event. The inclusion of 5 vol% particles of higher permittivity produces a composite of enhanced dielectric constant and, with surface modification to permit surface cross-linking into the polymer, a polymer–particle composite with a Weibull E ₀ dielectric breakdown strength of 25% greater than that of the pure polymer resulted. The estimated energy density for the cross-linked interface composite was improved 260% compared to the polymer alone, 560% better than a polymer–particle composite synthesized using bare particles, and 80% better than a polymer–particle composite utilizing bare particles with a dispersant.     

Shelf Life and Controlled Cure of Epoxies by Loaded Zeolite

Epoxy formulations based on the multi-functional amine hardener, dicyandiamide (Dicy), regularly contain a free accelerator for reducing the curing temperature and the time needed to complete the network formation. Unfortunately, all accelerators reduce the shelf life of these adhesives at 25°C. In order to solve this problem, accelerator-loaded zeolites fillers were developed, optimised with respect to host–guest interactions and characterised by Fraunhofer IFAM (Bremen, Germany) with regard to the release and curing behaviour in epoxy adhesive formulations. They are added to an epoxy adhesive (diglycidylether of bisphenol A (EP) and dicyandiamide (Dicy), mass ratio 100:6.7), stored at 25°C in regular air or cured (heated with β = 10 K/min to 170°C subsequent isothermal curing for 45 min). That shelf life and curing behaviour are investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy and modulated DSC. Compared to the EP containing free accelerator, the zeolite-filled EP possesses a threefold increase in shelf life at 25°C due to the immobilization of the accelerator in the pores of the zeolites. While the free accelerator acts steadily during heating, it is shown that the loaded zeolite releases the accelerator at about 76°C. Surprisingly, the released accelerator is not only involved in the chemical formation of the epoxy network but it accelerates the dissolution of Dicy considerably. As the result, network formation at 170°C finishes after not more than 19 min and the starting temperature for curing could be reduced to 140°C.     

钙钛矿型化合物催化氧化性能与d电子构型关系的研究

我们用活性评价、磁性测定、原子吸收光谱、TPR(程序升温还原)、TPSR(程序升温表面反应)、XRD等手段研究了以共沉淀和混合法制备的LaMO2(M为从钛到铜的八个过渡金属离子)钙钛矿型化合物对CH4和CO的催化氧化性能。结果表明, 随M离子的d电子数增多, 催化剂的催化氧化活性呈现三峰变化模式并与表面氧结合能及TPSR活性氧物种分布规律一致。根据磁性分析了M离子d电子组态, 对活性的三峰现象作了说明。比较了不同方法对催化剂上氧物种的表征效果。考察了在氧化还原气氛下M离子价态变化规律。根据实验结果讨论了催化剂上活性氧物种分布。     

用于MIP-AES的气动雾化法的研究

水溶液样品经气动雾化后引入低功率微波诱导等离子体, 由于采用了新的去溶系统和分离器, 大大改进了微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱法的光谱分析性能。详细考察了各实验参数对测定一些元素的影响。这些元素的检出限和测定精密度令人满意。     

液体的热压力系数及内压

本文从排斥体积要随密度改变的概念出发,修正了原始的Van der Waals理论,并建立了一个计算液体热压力系数的公式 (P/I)_v=R_(ρm)/(1-A_(ρm) B_(ρ~2m))式中ρm=1/V_m是液体的摩尔密度,A和B都是与分子大小有关的两个特性常数。因此,利用Lennard-Jones位能函数中的参数σ_(LJ)便能预测液体在不同温度下的热压力系数及内压值。     

VISCOMETRIC INVESTIGATIONS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE IN MIXED SOLVENTS AND WITH VARYING TEMPERATURE

The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide (DMF) and water /methanol (MeOH). Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being both host and guest polymer in solution. The intrinsic viscosity of PVP in DMF is higher than in water and in MeOH, but also increases in a mixed solvent with high water content because of the effect of polymer-solvent interactions. It was also found that the intrinsic viscosity of PVP at finite concentration, [ηpvp]c decreases with an increase in the concentration of PVP in solution. The viscosity behavior of PVP in a mixed solvent is affected by the concentration-dependent intermolecular excluded volume effect, which can be quantitatively expressed by the parameter, bY, which reflects the shrinkage of PVP chain coils, resulting in a decrease of [ηpvp]c. The effect of temperature on the viscosity behavior of PVP in MeOH shows that the interaction parameter increases up to a maximum value, and then decreases after a certain temperature.     

非晶态金属合金作催化材料的研究 III. Ni-Fe-P非晶态合金对CO加氢活性的研究

本文用连续微型反应器、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法, 研究了骤冷制备的Ni-Fe-P非晶态催化剂的加氢活性和表面结构。结果表明:非晶态Ni-FE-P合金在常压下对CO的加氢活性优于晶态Ni-Fe-P合金; 表面的不同预处理对反应活性影响很大。XPS的结果显示在较高温度下氧化时表面富铁, 表面存在的镍物种和元素态铁是CO催化加氢的活性中心。