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自溶液中的吸附 VII: 硅胶自环己烷中吸附醇,酮和酯 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The adsorption isotherms of some monofunctional alcohols, ketones and esters from cyclohexane onto silica gel have been determined at 30`C and 10`C. The silica gel used bad a BET area of 417 m2/g and an average pore radius of 45A. The concentrations of free and associated hydroxyls on the silica gel were 1.4 and 4.1/100A^2 respectively. The adsorption order is cyclohexanol>n-octyl alcohol>cyclohexanone>methyl isobutyl ketone>n-propyl acetate=n-amyl acetate. The adsorption decreases with increasing temperature as normal. Except at very low concentrations, the isotherms can be represented by the Langmuir equation. The limiting adsorption, nms, on the silica gel does not accord with the stoichiometric ratio (1:1) between the free surface hydroxyl groups of the adsorbent and the adsorbate. In addition to surface conditions and the functional group of the adsorbate, it seems that the limiting adsorption is also controlled by the other factors, including temperature, solvent, and, sometimes the chain length of the adsorbate. The standard free energy (ΔG0) and standard enthalpy (ΔH0) of the adsorbates in adsorptien processes have been determined from the Langmuir parameters. The results indicate that the absolute value of ΔH0 is higher than that of ΔG0 (in other words, standard entropy ΔS0 is negative), as in the case of the adsorption of gases. Since there is practically no difference in ΔG0 or ΔH0 of adsorption between alcohols or esters, it is suggested that in dilute solution only the polar groups take part in adsorption, and the hydrocarben chains remain in solution during the adsorption process. For ketones, the absolute values of ΔG0 and ΔH0 are somewhat lower for methyl isobutyl ketone than that for cyclohexanone. A possible explanation is that in the adsorbed state the isobutyl chain of the methyl isobutyl ketone may somewhat close to the surface and thus decreases the adsorption and changes the ΔG0 and ΔH0. 相似文献
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Cu(II)-脱乙酰壳聚糖配位聚合物的配位数 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
IR,ESR和XPS的测试结果表明,脱乙酰壳聚糖(简记CS)膜在铜氨水溶液浸渍过程中Cu(II)既与CS发生配位反应形成Cu(II)-CS配位聚合物,也产生吸附作用。ESR谱示出CuCl~2.2H~2O与Cu(II)-CS膜中的Cu(II)均含有一个单电子,可以利用XPS的Shake-up效应研究Cu(II)-CS配位聚合物的配位数,所得结果为4。又以同样的方法研究Cu(II)-聚乙烯醇(简记PVA)配位聚合物的配位数,发现Cu(II)是以低自旋状态的dsp^2杂化空轨道与PVA的羟基氧配位,其配位数也是4,这与资料所报道的一致,从而间接地验证了此方法研究Cu(II)-CS配位聚合物配位数的可靠性。 相似文献
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在以正己烷-异丙醇为移动相的体系中,用ChiralcelOD,ChiralcelOJ及ChiralpakAD作为手性固定相对13种β-氨基醇及β-羟基硫醚类化合物对映体进行HPLC手性拆分,这些化合物至少能在一支柱上得到基线级分离。考察了它们于不同浓度配比的这类洗脱体系中在柱上的色谱行为。实验表明化合物取代基的性质明显影响它们在手性柱上的拆分。手性固定相与外消旋样品上的极性基团之间的氢键作用和π-π作用可能是进行手性识别的主要原因。方法已用于非手性环氧化合物不对称开环反应产物β-氨基醇及β-羟基硫醚类化合物的光学纯度鉴定。 相似文献
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利用UO2[2+]与苯甲酸生成配阴离子,再和碱性染料形成离子缔合物的萃取光度法测定铀已有报道[1~4],上述方法的摩尔吸收系数一般在7x10[4]~1x10[[5]L.mol[-1].cm[-1].Ramakrishna[5]等人用明胶增溶UO2[2+]-邻氨基苯甲酸-罗胆明6G所形成的离子缔合物,在水溶液中直接测定铀离子,但摩尔吸收系数仅为6.25x10[4]L.mol[-1].cm[-1].用水杨酸代替苯甲酸作配位剂,与UO2[2+]及罗丹明B形成离子缔合物,在适量水溶性高分子聚乙烯醇存在下,在水溶液中直接测定铀离子,不仅操作简便,而且摩尔吸收系数可达9.2x10[5]L.mol[-1].cm[-1].水杨酸的酸性比苯甲酸强,且极性比苯甲酸大,因此水杨酸与UO2[2+]能形成具有较高电荷的配阴离子,此配阴离子可与多个罗丹明B的阳离子形成离子缔合物,所以提高了测量的灵敏度。同时本法可在pH值较低范围内进行,一些常见离子和稀土元素离子均无干扰,因而具有一定的选择性,本文用不同苯甲酸衍生物进行对比试验,并对提高显色反应灵敏度的机理进行初步探讨。 相似文献
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哌啶氧铵盐对醇氧化反应的活性和选择性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
系统地研究了12种具有不同4-位取代基(R=H、CH~3O、Cl)及反离子(X=Cl、BF~4、ClO~4、Br或Br~3)的2, 2, 6, 6-四甲基哌啶氧铵盐对醇的氧化反应, 发现这些氧铵盐都能以很高的由率将一级醇氧化为醛, 二级醇氧化为酮。氧化反应的活性与4-位取代基及反离子有关。当反离子相同时, 反应活性的顺序为Cl>CH~3O>H;当4-位取代基相同时, 反应活性的顺序为Cl^-》BF~4^->ClO~4^->Br^-。氧化反应的选择性主要与反离子有关, 当反离子为Cl^-时, 主要氧化一级醇; 当反离子为BF~4^-、ClO~4^-、Br^-或Br~3^-时, 主要氧化二级醇。 相似文献