全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10948篇 |
免费 | 716篇 |
国内免费 | 2562篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 13115篇 |
晶体学 | 103篇 |
力学 | 41篇 |
综合类 | 124篇 |
数学 | 107篇 |
物理学 | 736篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 181篇 |
2022年 | 1041篇 |
2021年 | 799篇 |
2020年 | 696篇 |
2019年 | 566篇 |
2018年 | 514篇 |
2017年 | 483篇 |
2016年 | 624篇 |
2015年 | 560篇 |
2014年 | 518篇 |
2013年 | 1013篇 |
2012年 | 803篇 |
2011年 | 619篇 |
2010年 | 421篇 |
2009年 | 580篇 |
2008年 | 556篇 |
2007年 | 548篇 |
2006年 | 457篇 |
2005年 | 405篇 |
2004年 | 352篇 |
2003年 | 301篇 |
2002年 | 477篇 |
2001年 | 187篇 |
2000年 | 207篇 |
1999年 | 192篇 |
1998年 | 167篇 |
1997年 | 130篇 |
1996年 | 122篇 |
1995年 | 114篇 |
1994年 | 98篇 |
1993年 | 77篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 61篇 |
1988年 | 40篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Vapor pressure,speciation, and chemical activities in highly concentrated sodium borate solutions at 277 and 317°C 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Oleh Weres 《Journal of solution chemistry》1995,24(5):409-438
The system H2O-B2O3-Na2O has been studied experimentally at 277 and 317°C. The activities of water and boric acid have been determined at mole ratios Na/B from 0 to 1.5, and total dissolved solids 3 to 80 weight percent. The activity of boric acid has been fitted to within experimental error using a speciation model with eight complex species. This model is consistent with the model previously published by Mesmer et al. The electrolyte properties of the liquid are modeled using the Pitzer-Simonson model of very concentrated electrolyte solutions. The calculated values of water activity agree with experiment, and the activity of NaOH and pOH have also been calculated. The potassium borate system also was briefly studied at 317°C, and is adequately described by a model with five complex species. The potassium borate liquid is more alkaline at K/B= 1 than a sodium borate liquid at the same mole ratio, but pOH in the two systems is the same at lower mole ratios. 相似文献
72.
73.
74.
Preparation and characterization of nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst in different acid environments
Ye Cong Ling Xiao Jinlong Zhang Feng Chen Masakazu Anpo 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2006,32(8):717-724
Nitrogen-doped TiO2 powders were successfully prepared by a wet method, i.e., a micro-emulsion-hydrothermal method, in different acid environments.
Several characterization techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible diffuse
reflectance spectra, were combined to determine the crystal phase, concentration and chemical states of the nitrogen doped
in TiO2. The high photocatalytic activity of the nitrogen-doped TiO2 was evaluated through the decomposition of rhodanmine B under visible light irradiation. It was suggested that the doped
nitrogen formed oxynitride (NO) and produced impurity states at higher above the valence band of TiO2. Therefore, the nitrogen doping could enhance the response of photocatalyst to the visible light and improve the photocatalytic
activity because of the narrowing of band gap of TiO2. 相似文献
75.
Takeshi Ishijima Yoshiki Mizumori Kenji Kikuchi Atsushi Suzuki Takuji Okaya 《Colloid and polymer science》2005,283(7):799-804
Polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) in various fatty acids (carbon numbers 4–18) was carried out. Chain transfer constants to the acids were determined to be 20–35×10–4, from which the constant to a methylene group was obtained to be 0.73×10–4. Viscometry in aqueous solution of derived poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) showed the usual behavior in terms of Huggins constant obtained by the Schulz–Blaschkes equation for PVAs derived from fatty acid systems lower than hexadecanoic acid. PVA derived from octadecanoic acid system showed abnormality, indicating association of alkyl groups. Contact angles on surfaces of PVAs cast from aqueous solutions were measured. While those of PVA derived from lower acid systems were 62°, those of PVAs derived from higher aids were higher and increased to 92° with increase in carbon number to octadecanoic acid. Alkyl groups in the PVAs were estimated to appear on the surfaces. Surface tension of aqueous solution of the PVA derived from octadecanoic acid showed high surface activity, and depended on pH of the solution, indicating the presence and cleavage of lactone ring at the combined portion between PVA and the acid. 相似文献
76.
Atsunori Matsuda Tatsuo Matoda Yoshinori Kotani Toshihiro Kogure Masahiro Tatsumisago Tsutomu Minami 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):517-521
Anatase nanocrystals were precipitated mainly at the surface of the silica-titania gel films with hot water treatment, whereas the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the films led to the dispersion of anatase nanocrystals in the whole of the films after the treatment. Both films with and without PEG showed high photocatalytic activities for acetaldehyde, NO
x
and stearic acid in the gas-solid system, and for methylene blue and potassium iodide in the liquid-solid system. The addition of PEG improved the photocatalytic activities of the resultant films due to the smaller anatase crystallites and the porous film structure. The residual silica under-layer of the superficially anatase-precipitated films is expected to act as a protective one for an organic polymer substrate against the photocatalytic degradation. 相似文献
77.
哌嗪取代卟啉的合成、表征及其抗癌活性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
设计并合成了6个具有抗癌活性的哌嗪取代卟啉化合物,分别为5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-乙基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(TEPPH2,8a),5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-丁基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(TBPPH2,8b),5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-庚基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(THPPH2,8c),5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-苯基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(TPhPPH2,8d),5-[4-(4'-乙基哌嗪基)苯基]-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(EPTPPH2,8e)和5-[4-(4'-丁基哌嗪基)苯基]-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(BPTPPH2,8f).这些卟啉化合物都由取代苯甲醛与吡咯缩合而成,每一个卟啉分子中含有一个或四个具有抗癌活性的取代哌嗪结构,结构经元素分析,MS,1H NMR,IR和UV-vis等表征.初步的生物活性研究表明,这些化合物具有一定的抗癌活性,因而在医学上可能具有潜在应用前景. 相似文献
78.
Simple two-parameter Hückel and Pitzer equations were used for the calculation of the activity coefficients of aqueous hydrochloric acid at 25°C up to a molality of 2.0 mol-kg–1. The data obtained by Harned and Ehlers(12,13) from galvanic cells without liquid junction were used in the analysis and the parameters obtained were compared to those obtained from all reliable data presented in the literature for HCl at this temperature. A good agreement between the parameters was always observed. The activity coefficients obtained by the new equations were compared to those suggested by Robinson and Stokes,(8) Hamer and Wu,(1) and Pitzer and Mayorga,(9) and good agreement was also found. The data from the most important literature data sets for HCl were also predicted using the new activity coefficient equations, and the magnitude of the resulting errors was close to the precision of the measurements, the errors forming an almost random pattern for all data sets. 相似文献
79.
The stoichiometric pK
1
*
and pK
2
*
for the ionization of sulfurous acid has been determined from emf measurements in NaCl solutions with varying concentrations of added MgCl2 (m=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) from I=0.5 to 6.0 molal at 25°C. These experimental results have been treated using both the ion pairing and Pitzer's specific ion-interaction models. The Pitzer parameters for the interaction of Mg2+ with SO2 and HSO
3
–
yielded =0.085±0.004, (0) = 0.35±0.02, (1) = 1.2±0.04, and C = –0.072±0.007. The Pitzer parameters (0) = –2.8±0.4, (1) = 12.9±2.9 and (2) = –2071±57 have been determined for the interactions of Mg2+ with SO
3
2–
. The calculated values of pK
1
*
and pK
2
*
using Pitzer's equations reproduce the measured values to within ±0.04 pK units. The ion pairing model with log KMgSO3=2.36±0.02 and logMgSO3 = 0.1021, reproduces the experimental values of pK
2
*
to ±0.01. These results demonstrate that treating the data by considering the formation of MgSO3 yields a better fit of the experimental measurements with fewer adjustable parameters. With these derived coefficients obtained from the Pitzer equations and the ion pairing model, it is possible to make reliable estimates of the activity coefficients of HSO
3
–
and SO
3
2–
in seawater, brines and marine aerosols containing Mg2+ ions. 相似文献
80.
J. Howard Rytting Danny R. McHan Takeru Higuchi David J. W. Grant 《Journal of solution chemistry》1986,15(8):693-703
Henry's law constants have been determined for -butyrolactone (BL), ethyl acetate (EA), and 2-methyl-3-pentanol (MEP) in mixtures of iso-octane (ISO) and toluene (TOL), for BL, EA, TOL, and ISO in cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and for TOL and ISO in each other and in BL. From these data and published vapor pressures, the activity coefficients at infinite dilution and the standard molar Gibbs free energy of transfer, G
2
0
of the solutes from dilute solution in ISO to dilute solution in each solvent medium have been calculated. The different behavior patterns of BL and EA are attributed to differences in their abilities to exist in different conformations possessing different dipole moments. For polar solutes, G
2
0
decreases with increasing polarizability of the solvent and with increasing dipole moment of the solute, suggesting increased contributions from dipole-induced dipole (Debye) interactions. The sigmoidal plot of G
2
0
against the change in pair potential energy calculated from the classical expressions suggests that G
2
0
seriously underestimates the strength of the Debye interactions in comparison with the London interactions. 相似文献