The Development of Gas-flow Modulation for High-frequency MTDSC measurements

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of modulating the temperature programme of a conventional DSC by use of an alternating gas-flow system. Modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) is an important thermal analysis technique but suffers from a limited applicable frequency range due to the mass of the sample and DSC cell leading to the impingement of thermal conductivity effects. We suggest that the frequency limit can be increased by replacing the cell as the source of temperature modulation with an external gaseous source, directed towards the sample and reference pans. In this evaluation, an alternating gas-flow was passed through a line to a forced gas-flow accessory (FGFA). The FGFA consisted of two matched cylinders containing chambers that allowed pre-temperature-equilibration of the stream of gas before it was passed over the sample and reference pans. The development of this device revealed the essential practical requirements of gas-flow modulation for high-frequency temperature modulation. These include the following: an appropriately sealed tunable gas supply to both sample and reference pans, an effective method for high-frequency cycling of the gas-flow rate, a small aperture to deliver the flowing gas directly over the pan and a temperature equilibration chamber. The results from samples of quenched PET and amorphous Saquinavir indicate that gas-flow modulation is indeed feasible, with the FGFA able to raise the attainable temperature modulation frequency by an order of magnitude compared to conventional MTDSC. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Obtaining Modulated Temperature DSC Curves Through a Non-conventional DSC Method

The DSC curve obtained in conventional equipment usually only shows the resultant thermal effect due to simultaneous phenomena, which may occur during isothermal or dynamic analyses. This does not allow one to identify the processes properly and may cause an erroneous interpretation of the resulting curves. Modulated DSC equipment enhances the operating conditions and the analysis capacity of conventional DSC by superimposing a sinusoidal temperature modulation on the linear temperature control. Thus reversing and non-reversing heat flow curves are obtained, which are, respectively, the heat capacity and kinetic components of the DSC curve. Therefore, events that are related to these components can be separately analyzed. A method to obtain curves similar to the MDSC reversing and non-reversing components was developed using conventional DSC equipment in a non-conventional way. It was applied to analyze samples of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) taken from bottles of mineral water. The second PET crystallization step that occurs during its melting was quantified and an apparent initial crystallinity was obtained from the resulting data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Remarks Relative to the Use of Atmospheric Plasma-Pulsed Discharge for PET Bottles Instant Sterilization

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing -     

A Novel Amperometric Immunosensor for Phytohormone Abscisic Acid Based on In Situ Chemical Reductive Growth of Gold Nanoparticles on Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

An amperometric immunosensor for phytohormone abscisic acid was developed based on in situ chemical reductive growth of gold nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrode. First, an approximate 10 nm gold layer was sputtered uniformly onto the electrode surface, and then gold nanoparticles were grown directly on the gold layer for antibody adsorption by immersing the electrode into the H₂AuCl₄ solution. Determination was based on an enzyme-linked competitive immunoreaction between free and enzyme-labeled abscisic acid to bind on immobilized antibody on electrode. The linear response was from 10 ng/ml to 10 µg/ml with a detection limit of 5 ng/ml.     

用FTIR定量测定聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯晶区和非晶区反式构象含量

用傅里叶变换红外分光光度计测定不同条件下退火处理的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜的谱图, 用谱带分离技术对归属于反式构象的1340cm^-^1谱带进行阻尼最小两乘分峰处理, 结合属左右式构象贡献的1454cm^-^1谱带, 用线性回归分析的方法获得晶区反式构象、非晶区反式构象、非晶区左右式构象的百分含量。     

An Organotrifluoroborate for Broadly Applicable One‐Step 18F‐Labeling

A new zwitterionic organotrifluoroborate is appended to three radiosynthons that afford undergo facile bioconjugation to several clinically relevant peptides and one enzyme inhibitor. Molecularly complex bioconjugates are ¹⁸F‐labeled in a single aqueous step in rapid time (<15 min) without HPLC purification to afford tracers in good yields (>200 mCi, 20–40 %) at high specific activity (≥3 Ci/μmol) and at >98 % purity. PET imaging shows in vivo stability and tumor uptake.     

静电纺空气过滤用PET/CTS抗菌复合纳米纤维膜的制备

采用静电纺丝法制备PET/CTS复合纳米纤维膜,并在纤维膜表面吸附一层纳米银,进一步增加纤维膜的抗菌性能.以扫描电镜(SEM)对不同配比PET/CTS所制备的纤维膜的微观形貌进行表征,结果显示w(CTS)/w(PET)为12.5%时,纤维形貌较好,平均直径为405 nm.分别对不同厚度的PET/CTS纤维膜进行力学性能、透气性能以及空气过滤性能测试,结果表明纺丝时间为7 h时,纤维膜具有较好的性能,其弹性模量为48.15 MPa、断裂伸长率183.30%、拉伸断裂应力2.11 MPa、拉伸强度2.49 MPa、拉伸屈服应力1.23 MPa、最大力1.38 N,阻气值为3.99 k Pa·S/m,过滤效率为99.55%,压降为621.32 Pa.吸附银离子实验表明,最佳GA交联浴配比为GA(vol%)=3.5%.紫外可见光谱(UV)及透射电镜(TEM)表征证明,有10 nm左右纳米银生成.抑菌实验表明,载银PET/CTS复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.a.)和大肠杆菌(E.coli.)的杀菌率分别为99.97%和99.99%.     

193 nm激光引发PET表面的化学接枝

将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯[Poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET]材料置于氨气气氛中, 利用激光光子同时激发材料表面及氨气形成自由基, 用激光引发反应并促进氨基在材料表面的接枝. 改性后的测试结果表明, 材料表面粗糙度没有显著变化, 但水接触角的减小表明表面化学结构发生了某种变化. 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR/ATR)图谱在3352和1613 cm-1处出现了新的氨基吸收峰, 证实了表面接枝了氨基. 同时X射线光电子能谱(XPS)也证明了材料表面C—N键的存在, 其C1s结合能为285.5 eV, N1s为398.9 eV. 飞行时间二次离子质谱(Tof-SIMS)也检测到含氨基的分子碎片, 其碎片成像图显示接枝仅发生在激光辐照部位. 实验结果表明, 激光能在生物材料表面进行局部区域的选择性接枝.     

Novel fluorescent chemosensor for Ag^ ＋ based on coumarin fluorophore

A novel chemosensor 1 （CS1） bearing one coumarin and two carbodithioate groups was synthesized and its fluorescent sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated. Ag^＋ addition to a CH3COCH3/H2O （3：7, v：v） solution of CS1 gave a significantly quenched fluorescence. Other ions including Pb^2＋, Zn^2＋, Cu^2＋, Ca^2＋, Cd^2＋, Co^2＋, Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋, Hg^2＋, Ag^＋, Ni^2＋ induced no or much smaller spectral changes. This constitutes an ON-OFF Ag^＋-selective fluorescent chemosensor.