CALCULATION OF THE YOUNG''''S MODULUS OF AN ADSORBED POLYMER LAYER

Polymer layers adsorbed to a surface or in a confined environment often change their mechanical properties. There is even the possibility of solidification of the confined layer. To judge the stiffness of such a layer, we used the Hertz model to calculate the Young's modulus of the polymer layer in the confinement of AFM experiments with silicon nitride tip with a radius of curvature of R≈50 nm and a glass sphere attached to the cantilever R = 5μm. Since there is no visible indentation of the layer in the AFM experiments, the layer is either penetrated very easily, or the indentation is too small to be seen in a force curve. The latter would be the case for a polymer layer with a Young's modulus above 4×108 Pa in case of an experiment with a silicon nitride tip and 4×105 Pa in case of a glass sphere.     

Heuristic-based tabu search algorithm for folding two-dimensional AB off-lattice model proteins

The protein structure prediction problem is a classical NP hard problem in bioinformatics. The lack of an effective global optimization method is the key obstacle in solving this problem. As one of the global optimization algorithms, tabu search (TS) algorithm has been successfully applied in many optimization problems. We define the new neighborhood conformation, tabu object and acceptance criteria of current conformation based on the original TS algorithm and put forward an improved TS algorithm. By integrating the heuristic initialization mechanism, the heuristic conformation updating mechanism, and the gradient method into the improved TS algorithm, a heuristic-based tabu search (HTS) algorithm is presented for predicting the two-dimensional (2D) protein folding structure in AB off-lattice model which consists of hydrophobic (A) and hydrophilic (B) monomers. The tabu search minimization leads to the basins of local minima, near which a local search mechanism is then proposed to further search for lower-energy conformations. To test the performance of the proposed algorithm, experiments are performed on four Fibonacci sequences and two real protein sequences. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has found the lowest-energy conformations so far for three shorter Fibonacci sequences and renewed the results for the longest one, as well as two real protein sequences, demonstrating that the HTS algorithm is quite promising in finding the ground states for AB off-lattice model proteins.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel electrochromic aromatic polyamide from AB‐type triphenylamine‐based monomer

A new triphenylamine‐based polyamide I was prepared by direct polycondensation of AB‐type monomer, 4‐amino‐4′‐carboxy‐4″‐methoxytriphenylamine ( 4 ), in the presence of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensation agents. The obtained polyamide I showed excellent solubility in aprotic polar solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF, and DMSO and could be cast into transparent film with weight‐average molecular weight (M_w = 63,400) and polydispersity index (PDI = 1.79). The polyamide I exhibited good thermal stability with relatively high glass‐transition temperature (282 °C), 10% weight‐loss temperature above 470 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and char yield at 800 °C in nitrogen higher than 64%. It also showed maximum ultraviolet‐visible absorption at 362 nm and exhibited fluorescence emission maxima at 493 nm in NMP solution with fluorescence quantum yield 4.4%. Cyclic voltammogram of polyamide I film cast onto an indium tin oxide coated glass substrate exhibited one oxidative redox couple at 0.72 V (oxidation onset potential) versus Ag/AgCl in acetonitrile solution and revealed good stability of the electrochromic characteristic with a color change from colorless to green at applied potentials ranging from 0.00 to 1.10 V. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1988–2001, 2009     

Ab initio方法研究CH~3+OClO反应的可能通道

利用abinitio方法研究了CH~3+OClO反应的三个可能通道,首次应用UMP2(full)/6-31G(d,p)方法得到各反应物、产物、中间物及过渡态的优化构型和谐振频率;然后采用G2MP2理论计算各通道反应焓变和势垒高度。理论计算表明产物通道CH~2O+HOCl是最可能发生的途径,反应放热为443.80kJ·mol^-^1。可能的反应过程为：CH~3和OClO自由基先经无垒过程生成了一个富能中间物,继而通过较低的势垒解离成HOCl+H~2CO。     

吡啶光氯化反应过渡态和反应途径的量子化学研究

用量子化学B3LYP方法在3---21G*水平上优化吡啶光氯化反应加成取代反应机理生成邻、间、对位氯代吡啶不同反应途径的过渡态并对反应热和活化能进行了计算,对邻位反应途径进行了IRC反应路解析,计算结果表明邻位反应途径过渡态的能量最低,为－704.830027a.u.,生成2－氯吡啶所需的活化能最低,为114.60kJ/mol。光氯化反应主要产物为2－氯吡啶,与实验结果一致。IRC反应路径显示在反应过程中C(2)---H(7)键的断裂和C(2)-----Cl(8)键的生成是协同但不是同步的。     

5,6,9,10-四脱氢苯并环辛烯结构和性质的理论研究

在RHF/6-31G^**,MP2/6-31G^**,B3LYP/6-31G^**水平下优化了5,6,9,10-四脱氢苯并环辛烯的平衡几何构型。用B3LYP/6-31G^**方法计算了该化合物的红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱。计算结果与实验结果吻合很好,从而在理论上证实了它的存在。用等键反应分析,自然键轨道方法对它的稳定性和共轭性分别进行了讨论。结果表明5,6,9,10-四脱氢苯并环辛烯分子平面刚性结构,可能稳定存在,但由于苯环共轭性的削弱和较高的张力,使得它易于分解。     

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷结构和性质的理论研究

用abinitio和DFT方法,分别在HF/6-31G^*和B3LYP/6-31G^*水平下全优化计算了高能量密度材料六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的α(γ),β和ε型构象的分子几何构型、电子结构、IR谱和298～1000K温度下的热力学性质,细致分析比较了两种方法和相关的实验结果。理论计算几何参数与实验值相一致。分子中N—N键较长,N—N键Mulliken集居数较小,预示该键为热解和起爆的引发键。所得的IR谱形符合实验、指纹区频率与实验的平均绝对差值小于45cm^-1。由前线MO能级及其差值预示的热力学稳定性次序[ε＞α(γ)＞β]与实验排序相吻合。     

铀与氢初始反应产物形成热力学的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算的方法对铀与氢同位素分子或原子相互作用的某些初始反应产物的稳定几何构型进行全优化的基础上,研究铀与氢同位素相互作用的热力学,进而探讨了铀与氢初始反应产物的可能形成途径。     

Rg—HX(Rg=He,Ne;X=F,Cl,Br)分子间势的精确量子化学从头计算研究III.He—HBr

在用非迭代的三重激发项来校正CCSD的CCSD（T）理论水平下,采用aug-cc- pVQZ基函数对He—HBr的分子间势进行了系统的研究。结果表明：He—HBr以线型结 构存在。在极限基的情况下,复合物两种线型极小点结构He—H—Br和He—Br—H势 阱深分别为28.792 cm~(-1)和35.707 cm~(-1),对应He原子到HBr分子质心的距离 R分别为0.407 nm和0.343 nm。讨论了不同的基函数和理论方法在研究此类弱束缚 态复合物的分子间势时的可靠性及其对结果的影响,同时也给出了热函数的解析形 式。     

Synthesis and characterization of highly fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s based on AB‐type monomers

Four different fluorinated methyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐(pentafluorophenyl)‐phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones, AB‐type phthalazinone monomers, have been successfully synthesized by nucleophilic addition–elimination reactions of methyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted 2‐((4‐hydroxy)benzoyl)benzoic acid with 1‐(pentafluorophenyl)hydrazine. Under mild reaction conditions, the AB‐type monomers underwent self‐condensation polymerization reactions successfully and gave fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s with high molecular weights. Detailed structural characterization of the AB‐type monomers and fluorinated polymers was determined by ¹H NMR, ¹⁹F NMR, FTIR, and GPC. The solubility, thermal properties, mechanical properties, water contact angles, and optical absorption of the polymers were evaluated. The polymers had high T_gs varying from 337 to 349 °C and decomposition temperatures (T_{d, 25} wt %) above 409 °C. Tough, flexible films were cast from THF and chloroform solutions. The films showed excellent tensile strengths ranging from 70 to 85 MPa with good hydrophobicities with water contact angles higher than 95.5 °C. The polymers had absorption edges below 340 nm and very low absorbance per cm at higher wavelengths 500–2500 nm. These results indicate that the polymers are promising as high performance materials, for example, membranes and hydrophobic materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1761–1770