Abnormal positive thermal expansion in Mo substituted ZrW2O8

ZrW₂O₈ displays the unusual property of an isotropic bulk contraction in volume as a function of temperature. We report here on the positive thermal expansion (PTE) property caused by substituting Mo for W sites in ZrW₂O₈ at room temperature. The room temperature crystal structure of ZrW_2−xMo_xO₈ compounds, which were synthesized using a low temperature route, could be divided into ordered phase with α-ZrW₂O₈ structure (0≤x≤0.5) and disordered phase with β-ZrW₂O₈ (0.5<x≤1.5) and c-ZrMo₂O₈ structure (1.5<x≤2). ZrW_2−xMo_xO₈ adopting β-ZrW₂O₈ structure shows abnormal PTE property at room temperature due to the existence of water molecules, while ZrW_2−xMo_xO₈ adopting the other two structures (α-ZrW₂O₈ and c-ZrMo₂O₈) shows negative thermal expansion (NTE) property from room temperature until decomposition for α-ZrW₂O₈ structure or trigonal phase transition for c-ZrMo₂O₈ structure. The reason lies in the fact that the oxygen migration caused by the Mo substitution leads to the re-arrangement of W(Mo)O₄ tetrahedra lying along the 3-fold axis, only particular W/Mo ratio (0.5<x≤1.5) produces a special crystal structure, which allows the entrance of water molecules.     

Nucleophilic reactivity of thiolate, hydroxide and phenolate ions towards a model O-arylated diazeniumdiolate prodrug in aqueous and cationic surfactant media

The kinetics of aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the nitric oxide‐generating diazeniumdiolate ion, DEA/NO, by thiols (L ‐glutathione, L ‐cysteine, DL ‐homocysteine, 1‐propanethiol, 2‐mercaptoethanol, and sodium thioglycolate) from the prodrug, DNP‐DEA/NO, has been examined in aqueous solution and in solutions of cationic DOTAP vesicles. Second‐order rate constants in buffered aqueous solutions (k_RS‐ = 3.48–30.9 M^?1 s^?1; 30 °C) gave a linear Brønsted plot (β_nuc = 0.414 ± 0.068) consistent with the rate‐limiting S_NAr nucleophilic attack by thiolate ions. Cationic DOTAP vesicles catalyze the thiolysis reactions with rate enhancements between 11 and 486‐fold in Tris‐HCl buffered solutions at pH 7.4. The maximum rate increase was obtained with thioglycolate ion. Thiolysis data are compared to data for nucleophilic displacement by phenolate (k_PhO‐ = 0.114 M^?1 s^?1) and hydroxide (k_OH‐ = 1.82 × 10^?2 M^?1 s^?1, 37 °C) ions. The base hydrolysis reaction is accelerated by CTAB micelles and DODAC vesicles, with the vesicles being ca 3‐fold more effective as catalysts. Analysis of the data using pseudo‐phase ion‐exchange (PIE) formalism implies that the rate enhancement of the thiolysis and base hydrolysis reactions is primarily due to reactant concentration in the surfactant pseudo‐phase. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软X光辐射烧蚀实验方法研究

 用强激光辐照金箔靶，以金箔背侧软X光辐射为基础，提出了软X光辐射烧蚀研究的新靶型、新方法，做了C₈H₈样品辐射烧蚀初步实验。     

8-羟基喹啉锂的光电性能和取代基效应的密度泛函理论

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)较为系统地研究了给、吸电子取代基对8-羟基喹啉锂(Liq)光电性能的影响。研究结果表明:不同取代基与母体形成不同的共轭,取代基—CN、—OCH3很好地参与了整个π体系共轭,对体系性质影响较大;吸电子基—CF3、—CN、—Cl在5-位取代都使Liq的最高占据轨道(HOMO)、最低空轨道(LUMO)能级降低;给电子基—CH3、—CH3CH2CH2、—OCH3在5-位取代都使Liq的LUMO、HOMO升高,带隙减小,给电性越强,影响越显著;—CN在5-位取代,显著增加了Liq的电子亲和势,降低了电子重组能,使电子更易于注入和传输。与Liq及其它衍生物相比,5-CN-Liq是一种更好的电子注入和传输材料。     

阿莫西林的荷移光谱测定方法研究

在丙酮介质中阿莫西林与 7,7,8,8-四氰基对二次甲基苯醌 (TCNQ)荷移反应 ,形成 1∶ 1络合物 ,在74 4nm和 84 5 nm处有较强光吸收 ,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为 1.2× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1和 1.8× 10 4L·mol-1· cm-1,阿莫西林的浓度在 10— 15 0 mg· L-1范围内符合比耳定律。在乙醇介质中 ,阿莫西林与对苯醌 (p- BQ)反应 ,形成 1∶ 1络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 4 80 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.92× 10 3 L· mol-1·cm-1。阿莫西林的浓度在 2 0— 2 0 0 mg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律。两种方法相对标准偏差分别为 1.2 %和1.5 % (n=8) ,用于测定阿莫西林制剂的含量 ,结果与标准方法一致。     

锂喹啉配合物作为电子注入层对有机电致发光器件性能的影响

利用锂喹啉配合物(8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium,Liq)作电子注入层,制备了结构为氧化铟锡／锂喹啉配合物铝{ITO(indium tin oxidc) TPD(N,N′-di-phenyl-N,N′-bis(3-mmethylphenyl)-l.l′biphenyl-4,4′diamine)/Alq3[tris-8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum] Liq AI的电致发光器件。通过改变电子注入层Liq的厚度,考查了Liq厚度对器件电致发光效率及电流密度-电压关系的影响。实验表明Liq厚度大约为0．5nm左右时器件的性能最佳、电致发光效率约为没有Liq器件效率的5倍,而定电流下的工作电压最低,其原因可归于Liq在金属铝电极与有机层Alqs之间产生偶极层,使铝与有机层间的界面接近欧姆接触,从而使电子注入效率大幅提高;随着Liq厚度的增加,器件的电致发光效率降低,而定电流下的工作电压升高,与同类型以LiF作注入层的器件相比,这种器件性能受厚度影响而变化的趋势是类似的,但以Liq作注入层的器件具有较低的厚度敏感性,这是由于LiF为绝缘体,而Liq为半导体的缘故。Liq作注入层器件的这种对注入层厚度的不敏感性对批量生产中所用的大尺寸基底来说是非常有利的。     

三种抗癌嘌呤类化合物与环糊精作用的研究

采用荧光光度法 ,在考察了时间、酸度以及温度对包合物形成的影响后 ,利用荧光双倒数法分别计算出了巯嘌呤、硫唑嘌呤和 8 氮杂鸟嘌呤与 β 环糊精及羟丙基 β 环糊精的包合常数。实验表明 :时间和酸度对它们的包合有显著影响。β 环糊精形成稳定包合物的时间约在 3h左右 ,而羟丙基 β 环糊精的包合时间大约在 2h左右。最佳酸度在弱碱性范围 (pH =7 7)左右。它们的最大激发波长都在 2 76～ 2 85nm之间 ,最大发射波长较长 ,在 32 8～ 35 3nm之间。随着环糊精浓度增大 ,包合物的荧光都有增加趋势 ,且羟丙基 β 环糊精包结物的增强更为显著一些。3种黄嘌呤类衍生物与环糊精的包结物的包结比均为 1∶1。     

一种新化合物K2Ti8O15纳米线

钛酸钾晶须通常是直径和长度在微米量级的无机晶须 ,可用Ｋ2 Ｏ·ｎＴｉＯ2 表示其组成 ,ｎ =1,2 ,4 ,6 ,8,[1] .六钛酸钾晶须具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、纤维拉伸强度高、导热系数小、红外反射率高 ,硬度低的特点 .在民用及工业方面有很多应用 .如催化剂载体、离子吸附交换材料、高温过滤器、绝热材料、耐摩擦材料等[2～ 5] .钛酸钾纳米线的合成尚未见报道 .我们在用电弧产生的Ｎ2 等离子体热解焦油时 ,生成了一种直径 9～ 2 0ｎｍ长约几百纳米线 .Ｘ射线能谱定量分析表明这种纳米线化学组成为Ｋ2 Ｔｉ8Ｏ15,是一种新的非化学计量化合物 .试验装…     

Schwinger boson mapping of SO(8) fermion model

The Schwinger representation of the SO(8) fermion pair algebra in terms ofd and quasispin vector (u, s, v) bosons is used in deriving a microscopic boson coherent state having both particle-hole and pair excitations. The coherent state is the exact boson image of the HFB variational solution. We can study the shape phase transition and pairing behaviour of the nuclear ground states using the coherent states.     

Exact solutions for KdV system equations hierarchy

Exact solutions for KdV system equations hierarchy are obtained by using the inverse scattering transform. Exact solutions of isospectral KdV hierarchy, nonisospectral KdV hierarchies and τ$\tau$-equations related to the KdV spectral problem are obtained by reduction. The interaction of two solitons is investigated.