全文获取类型
收费全文 | 88856篇 |
免费 | 12872篇 |
国内免费 | 6672篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 88347篇 |
晶体学 | 1432篇 |
力学 | 1715篇 |
综合类 | 172篇 |
数学 | 7004篇 |
物理学 | 9730篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 46篇 |
2023年 | 324篇 |
2022年 | 732篇 |
2021年 | 904篇 |
2020年 | 1356篇 |
2019年 | 3957篇 |
2018年 | 2991篇 |
2017年 | 4292篇 |
2016年 | 3964篇 |
2015年 | 5983篇 |
2014年 | 5977篇 |
2013年 | 9348篇 |
2012年 | 7009篇 |
2011年 | 6801篇 |
2010年 | 5492篇 |
2009年 | 5664篇 |
2008年 | 6114篇 |
2007年 | 5499篇 |
2006年 | 5148篇 |
2005年 | 4802篇 |
2004年 | 4156篇 |
2003年 | 3622篇 |
2002年 | 4003篇 |
2001年 | 2319篇 |
2000年 | 2188篇 |
1999年 | 1262篇 |
1998年 | 706篇 |
1997年 | 551篇 |
1996年 | 457篇 |
1995年 | 478篇 |
1994年 | 401篇 |
1993年 | 353篇 |
1992年 | 313篇 |
1991年 | 226篇 |
1990年 | 134篇 |
1989年 | 127篇 |
1988年 | 118篇 |
1987年 | 70篇 |
1986年 | 58篇 |
1985年 | 68篇 |
1984年 | 55篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 58篇 |
1981年 | 54篇 |
1980年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 62篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Double Michael additions of lithium enolaie of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one to four acrylates afforded bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones with high regio- and stereoselectivities in moderate yields. 相似文献
72.
73.
本文定义了二阶微分方程的弱 Carathéodory解 ,在不涉及紧型条件的情形下 ,直接用迭代法证明了 Banach空间二阶非线性常微分方程两点边值问题存在唯一解 ,并给出逼近解迭代序列的误差估计 ,对周期边值问题得到类似的结果 相似文献
74.
5‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐6‐substitutedfuro[2,3‐d]pyrimidines ( 2a‐c ) were reacted with 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrfuran to afford the pyrrolyl derivatives 3a‐c . Compound 3a was chosen as intermediate for the synthesis of poly fused heterocycles incorporated furopyrimidines moiety 4–11 . Some of the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. 相似文献
75.
Debendra K. Mohapatra Dhananjoy Mondal Mukund S. Chorghade Mukund K. Gurjar 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(52):9215-9219
The non-proteinogenic amino acid 3-hydroxy-4-methylproline (HMP) is an active constituent of some potent antimicrobials including echinocandins, nostopeptins, pneumocandins, sporiofungin and mulundocandins. A synthesis has been achieved in 10 steps with 29% overall yield; the Evans’ aldol reaction using Crimmins’ modified method was pivotal to the success of the strategy. 相似文献
76.
Atsuo Nakazaki 《Tetrahedron》2006,62(26):6264-6271
The stereoselective total syntheses of (±)-α-vetispirene, (±)-hinesol, and (±)-β-vetivone were accomplished based on a Claisen rearrangement in an alkenyl bicyclic dihydropyran system. The most striking feature of this approach is that the Claisen rearrangement of bicyclic dihydropyran proceeds stereoselectively to provide a multi-functionalized spiro[4.5]decane, which is an efficient precursor for the synthesis of the vetivane sesquiterpenes. 相似文献
77.
Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be a graph. A (n,G, λ)‐GD is a partition of the edges of λKn into subgraphs (G‐blocks), each of which is isomorphic to G. The (n,G,λ)‐GD is named as graph design for G or G‐decomposition. The large set of (n,G,λ)‐GD is denoted by (n,G,λ)‐LGD. In this work, we obtain the existence spectrum of (n,P3,λ)‐LGD. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 151–159, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10008 相似文献
78.
Several new families of c‐Bhaskar Rao designs with block size 4 are constructed. The necessary conditions for the existence of a c‐BRD (υ,4,λ) are that: (1)λmin=?λ/3 ≤ c ≤ λ and (2a) c≡λ (mod 2), if υ > 4 or (2b) c≡ λ (mod 4), if υ = 4 or (2c) c≠ λ ? 2, if υ = 5. It is proved that these conditions are necessary, and are sufficient for most pairs of c and λ; in particular, they are sufficient whenever λ?c ≠ 2 for c > 0 and whenever c ? λmin≠ 2 for c < 0. For c < 0, the necessary conditions are sufficient for υ> 101; for the classic Bhaskar Rao designs, i.e., c = 0, we show the necessary conditions are sufficient with the possible exception of 0‐BRD (υ,4,2)'s for υ≡ 4 (mod 6). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 361–386, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10009 相似文献
79.
主要介绍了一个引理,这个引理奠定了K4-同胚图K4(α,1,1,δ,ε,η)色性研究的基础。 相似文献
80.
LYNDA D. RODWELL EDWARD B. BARBIER CALLUM M. ROBERTS TIM R. McCLANAHAN 《Natural Resource Modeling》2002,15(4):453-486
ABSTRACT. The excessive and unsustainable exploitation of our marine resources has led to the promotion of marine reserves as a fisheries management tool. Marine reserves, areas in which fishing is restricted or prohibited, can offer opportunities for the recovery of exploited stock and fishery enhancement. In this paper we examine the contribution of fully protected tropical marine reserves to fishery enhancement by modeling marine reserve‐fishery linkages. The consequences of reserve establishment on the long‐run equilibrium fish biomass and fishery catch levels are evaluated. In contrast to earlier models this study highlights the roles of both adult (and juvenile) fish migration and larval dispersal between the reserve and fishing grounds by employing a spawner‐recruit model. Uniform larval dispersal, uniform larval retention and complete larval retention combined with zero, moderate and high fish migration scenarios are analyzed in turn. The numerical simulations are based on Mombasa Marine National Park, Kenya, a fully protected coral reef marine reserve comprising approximately 30% of former fishing grounds. Simulation results suggest that the establishment of a fully protected marine reserve will always lead to an increase in total fish biomass. If the fishery is moderately to heavily exploited, total fishery catch will be greater with the reserve in all scenarios of fish and larval movement. If the fishery faces low levels of exploitation, catches can be optimized without a reserve but with controlled fishing effort. With high fish migration from the reserve, catches are optimized with the reserve. The optimal area of the marine reserve depends on the exploitation rate in the neighboring fishing grounds. For example, if exploitation is maintained at 40%, the ‘optimal’ reserve size would be 10%. If the rate increases to 50%, then the reserve needs to be 30% of the management area in order to maximize catches. However, even in lower exploitation fisheries (below 40%), a small reserve (up to 20%) provides significantly higher gains in fish biomass than losses in catch. Marine reserves are a valuable fisheries management tool. To achieve maximum fishery benefits they should be complemented by fishing effort controls. 相似文献