Thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of 2-pyrrolidinones. 2. Dielectric properties of 2-pyrrolidinone in binary mixtures

Dielectric permittivities of 2-pyrrolidinone - acetone, -dimethyl sulfoxide,-2-propanol, -dichloromethane and -water systems were measured as a function of mole fraction over the whole composition range at 30 and 50°C. The excess dielectric permittivities are predominantly negative for all the mixtures and the excess molar polarizations are negative except for 2-pyrrolidinone - water and 2-pyrrolidinone - dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures. The large negative excess quantities are indicative of the strong specific interactions between the like and unlike components of the solution mixtures.     

Counterexamples in optimal quadrature

It is widely believed that order of exactness is a good measure of the quality of an algorithm for numerical quadrature. We show that this is not the case, by exhibiting a situation in which the optimal algorithm does not even integrate constants exactly. We also show that there are situations in which the penalty for using equidistant nodes is unbounded. Finally, we show that the complexity of obtaining an -approximation can be an arbitrary function of , i.e., there is no hardest quadrature problem.     

A compact formula for the coupling efficiency associated with mirrors in waveguide lasers

This paper presents a simple theory based on the diffraction integral approach for calculating the coupling efficiency in waveguide lasers which employ plane or spherical mirrors. The results obtained differ only slightly from a full rigorous approach, due to the fact that only less than one percent of the beam energy lies outside the waveguide aperture. The infinite aperture approximation employed here leads to an explicit compact formula for the coupling efficiency, whereas exact calculations lead to expressions requiring numerical integration for their evaluation.     

2型糖尿病患者血清钙镁与甲状腺激素含量变化及临床意义

为了监测 2型糖尿病人血清钙、镁和甲状腺激素含量 ,分析其临床意义及相关性 ,应用放射免疫分析法测定了 1 1 5例 2型糖尿病及 1 5 0例健康人血清甲状腺激素含量。同时用美国杜邦RXL自动生化仪测定了其血清钙、镁含量。结果表明 ,在 2型糖尿病伴有明显并发症者血镁、FT3水平明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,钙镁两种元素与甲状腺激素水平无明显相关性。 2型糖尿病患者适当补镁对预防其并发症是有益的 ,测定FT3 等可作为判断 2型糖尿病严重程度和估计预后的参考指标。     

Synthesen von α,β-ungesättigten 2-(2-Oxo-benzazolin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-dithio-carbonsäure-alkylestern und entsprechend substituierten Keten-S,S-acetalen sowie deren Kristall- und Molekülstruktur

Summary The new alkyl 2-(2-oxo-benzazoline-3-yl)-3-hydroxy dithiocrotonates and dithiocinnamates4 and the corresponding ketene dithioacetals2 and5 are obtained by dithiocarboxylation of the 3-acceptormethyl substituted benzazoline-2-ones1 or3. Alkylation at room temperature gives compounds4 whereas at higher alkylation temperature2 or5 are formed. The results of X-ray analyses performed for methyl 3-hydroxy-p-chloro-dithiocinnamate4d and of N-[1-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-2,2-bis(methylthio)-vinyl]-benzothiazoline-2-one5e are discussed.

     

Fluorinated triazinones from hexafluoroacetone ethoxycarbonylimine

The behavior of hexafluoroacetone ethoxycarbonylimine in cyclocondensation with different binucleophiles of the amidine type, viz., amino derivatives of N- and N,S-heterocycles, was studied. A preparative method for the synthesis of previously unknown annelated 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazinones was developed.     

用动力学方法研究8,9-苯并-2-亚甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷的聚合反应机理

根据在自由基引发剂存在下,8,9-苯并-2-亚甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺(4,4)壬烷(Ⅰ)可能存在的竞争反应,推导了动力学方程式。用红外光谱法测定了单体的消失速率和苯酞的生成速率。实验结果与推导动力学方程式相符。进一步证明了单体(Ⅰ)的增长反应由加成聚合和开环—异构化—加成这两个反应组成。这两个反应对总速率的相对贡献与单体浓度有关。得到了共聚物的结构。     

STUDY ON OXID TIVE COUPLING OF METHANE Ⅱ.CATALY TIC PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO_2-BASED CATALYSTS

The catalytic performance of Mn/TiO_2,La-Mn/TiO_2,Li-La-Mn/TiO_2 etc for the oxidetive coupling of methane(OCM)was investignted.Thecatalysta were cheracterised with X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results reveal that catalyst Li-La-Mn/TiO_2 exhibits high activity and C_2 selectivity;Ti in this catalyst exists asTi~( 4) state;Li can promote the formation of lanthanum tituate via theinteraction between La and TiO_2;the formed La_2Ti_2O_7 and La_4Ti_9O_(24) aredistributed in the inner surface layer and Mn exists in outer surface layer in lowvalence states.The high activity and C_2 selectivity of catalyst Li-La-Mn/TiO_2are intimately related to the valence states of Mn,Li,La and theirdistribution on the catulyst surface layer.     

Mono- and binuclear chloride complexes of bismuth(iii) with 2-aminopyrimidine cations depending on specific synthetic route

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Photocycloaddition of Cyclohex‐2‐enones to Penta‐1,2,4‐triene

Dihydrothiinone 9a undergoes photocycloaddition regioselectively to all three C?C bonds of penta‐1,2,4‐triene ( 10 ), the relative stabilities of the biradical intermediates determining the product distribution. In contrast, cyclohexenone 9b and dihydropyranone 9c afford more complex mixtures of bicyclo[4.2.0]octanones, which also turn out to be less stable on chromatographic workup, reflecting the higher strain due to the shorter bond lengths (C? O and C? C vs. C? S) in the six‐membered rings, respectively.