Easily Separated and Recyclable Amino-functionalized PorousSiO2 Beads with 3D Continuous Meso/Macropore Channels

Amino-functionalized porous SiO₂ beads with a diameter of 200—800 μm(PSB-NH₂) have been successfully synthesized by grafting 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane onto meso/macroporous silica beads(PSB), in which the PSB was prepared by hydrothermal synthetic method with a porous hard template anion-exchange resin. The as-prepared materials were characterized by means of nitrogen sorption and transmission electron micrographs(TEM), showing the presence of 3D interconnected and continuous large mesopores and macropores inside. The beads were used to catalyze Knoevenagel condensation and proved to be highly active and selective due to the high accessibility of the reactants to the amino groups via the continuous 3D meso/macopores. Notably, such material in bead format facilitates the extremely straightforward separation from reaction solution without any centrifugation or filtration. Moreover, PSB-NH₂ proved to be a stable catalyst via leaching experiment test, and can be easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity in successive catalytic cycles.     

SnS2/GCP(石墨烯复合粉末)微米复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能

以石墨烯复合粉末为添加剂,采用一步水热法制备了一种SnS₂/GCP微米复合材料。在所得到的复合材料中,SnS₂纳米片相互缠绕组成多孔球状SnS₂颗粒,石墨烯复合粉末均匀的包裹在球状SnS₂颗粒表面。将所制备的SnS₂/GCP微米复合材料用作锂离子电池负极材料测其电化学性能。结果显示,在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下可逆比容量为795.6 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后比容量损失不到1%。相比于SnS₂其比容量和循环稳定性得到了明显改善,主要是由于石墨烯复合粉末的加入,不仅缓解了SnS₂颗粒在充放电过程中的团聚和体积膨胀,而且还提高了SnS₂颗粒的电导率。     

核-隔层-壳结构Fe3O4@MoO3@mSiO2纳米载体的合成及其药物可控释放

利用加热均匀、迅速、热平稳性好和安全性高的微波热响应来实现药物的微波可控释放。引入具有微波热响应性质、热稳定性和化学稳定性好的Mo O3作为微波吸收物质,制备了核-隔层-壳结构Fe_3O_4@MoO_3@mSiO_2纳米药物载体。研究该纳米载体对药物布洛芬(IBU)的负载和微波响应可控释放过程。该纳米载体具有高的比表面积(222 cm2·g-1)和较大的孔隙体积(0.14 cm3·g-1)可用来负载药物。同时还具有较好的磁响应性,可实现药物的靶向给药,具有相对好的微波热响应性,可通过MoO_3中间层吸收微波辐射实现药物的可控释放。结果表明,在持续微波辐射360 min时IBU的释放率达到86%,远远高于仅搅拌时的释放率。     

Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化氧化C3H6和CO性能

采用共沉淀法合成了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的不同质量比的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并以此为载体通过等体积浸渍法制备了1.5% Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（w/w）催化剂。以C₃H₆和CO为反应物的催化性能评价显示,在系列催化剂中以Pt/Zr（0.4）-Al催化剂催化氧化活性最为优异,其C₃H₆和CO的起燃温度（T₅₀）小于125℃,完全转化温度（T₉₀）小于150℃。采用XRD、低温N₂吸附、H₂-TPR、CO脉冲吸附等分析表征技术探索了催化剂物相结构、比表面积、颗粒尺寸等对催化活性的影响规律。结果发现,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有Al₂O₃材料的介孔织构和大比表面积特性,且产生了Al_xZr_1-xO_y固溶体新物相。适当的ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比,是改善Pt与ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的相互作用强度,促进贵金属Pt的分散,提升Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂的低温氧化活性的关键。     

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol on Hierarchical Pd/SnO2 Nanosheets with Abundant Pd–O–Sn Interfaces

Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ into fuels using electricity generated from renewable sources helps to create an artificial carbon cycle. However, the low efficiency and poor stability hinder the practical use of most conventional electrocatalysts. In this work, a 2D hierarchical Pd/SnO₂ structure, ultrathin Pd nanosheets partially capped by SnO₂ nanoparticles, is designed to enable multi‐electron transfer for selective electroreduction of CO₂ into CH₃OH. Such a structure design not only enhances the adsorption of CO₂ on SnO₂, but also weakens the binding strength of CO on Pd due to the as‐built Pd–O–Sn interfaces, which is demonstrated to be critical to improve the electrocatalytic selectivity and stability of Pd catalysts. This work provides a new strategy to improve electrochemical performance of metal‐based catalysts by creating metal oxide interfaces for selective electroreduction of CO₂.     

Metabolic study of paeoniflorin and total paeony glucosides from Paeoniae Radix Rubra in rats by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry

A clear understanding of the metabolism of Traditional Chinese Medicines is extremely important in their rational clinical application and effective material foundation research. A novel and reliable strategy was performed to find more metabolites of paeoniflorin, determine the metabolites of total paeony glucosides (TPG) by means of determining those metabolites of paeoniflorin, and compare the metabolism differences between paeoniflorin and TPG by intragastric administration. This strategy was characterized as follows. Firstly, the rats were divided into two groups (the paeoniflorin group and the TPG group) to find differences in metabolism mechanisms between paeoniflorin and TPG. Secondly, UPLC‐FT‐ICR MS and UPLC‐Q‐TOF MS² were applied to obtain accurate molecular weight and structural information, respectively. Thirdly, the metabolites were tentatively identified by a combination of data‐processing methods including mass defect screening, characteristic neutral loss screening and product ion screening. Finally, a comparative study was employed in the metabolism of paeoniflorin and TPG. Based on the strategy, 18 metabolites of paeoniflorin (including four new compounds) and 11 metabolites of TPG (including two new compounds) were identified. In all of the identified metabolites of paeoniflorin, two metabolites in rat plasma, four metabolites in rat urine and six metabolites in rat feces were found for the first time after paeoniflorin administration. The results indicate that hydrolyzation of the ester bond and glucosidic band and conjugation with glucuronide were the major metabolic pathways of paeoniflorin. The metabolites of paeoniflorin and TPG in rat plasma, urine and feces have been detected for the first time after intragastric administration. The results may contribute to a better understanding of the metabolism mechanism and provide a scientific rationale for researching the material basis of paeoniflorin and TPG in vivo.     

Non‐Oxidative Methane Conversion Using Lead‐ and Iron‐Modified Albite Catalysts in Fixed‐Bed Reactor

Raw and modified albite catalysts, including Pb/Albite and Fe/Albite catalysts, have been investigated for methane conversion to C₂ hydrocarbons under non‐oxidative conditions. Introduction of Pb to albite improved the activity and selectivity to non‐coke products. Based on characterization, it was found that Pb entered into the alkali and alkaline‐earth metal sites of albite, while partial Fe doped in the tetrahedron sites and the other loaded on the surface of albite. At the reaction temperature of 1073 K, methane gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2 L·gcat^–1·h^–1, catalyst dosage of 0.25 g (300 mesh), the methane conversion catalyzed by raw albite in the fixed‐bed micro reactor exhibited a methane conversion of 3.32%. Notably, introducing a Pb content of 3.4 wt% into albite greatly enhanced the conversion of methane up to 8.19%, and the selectivity of C₂ hydrocarbons reached 99% without any coke under the same reaction conditions. While Fe‐doping could weakly heighten the methane conversion to 3.97%, and coke was formed. Thus, a comparison of Pb/Albite and Fe/Albite catalysts demonstrates that the catalytic activity of albite is mainly decided by alkali and alkaline‐earth metal sites, and lead‐modification can effectively improve the catalytic activity of albite.