全文获取类型
收费全文 | 71546篇 |
免费 | 6050篇 |
国内免费 | 14563篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 70781篇 |
晶体学 | 2109篇 |
力学 | 684篇 |
综合类 | 629篇 |
数学 | 3328篇 |
物理学 | 14628篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 199篇 |
2023年 | 1173篇 |
2022年 | 2453篇 |
2021年 | 2414篇 |
2020年 | 2466篇 |
2019年 | 2312篇 |
2018年 | 1911篇 |
2017年 | 2430篇 |
2016年 | 2652篇 |
2015年 | 2358篇 |
2014年 | 3011篇 |
2013年 | 6508篇 |
2012年 | 4711篇 |
2011年 | 4620篇 |
2010年 | 3996篇 |
2009年 | 4784篇 |
2008年 | 4665篇 |
2007年 | 4911篇 |
2006年 | 4627篇 |
2005年 | 4128篇 |
2004年 | 3874篇 |
2003年 | 3205篇 |
2002年 | 2678篇 |
2001年 | 2125篇 |
2000年 | 2011篇 |
1999年 | 1632篇 |
1998年 | 1371篇 |
1997年 | 1265篇 |
1996年 | 1114篇 |
1995年 | 1077篇 |
1994年 | 962篇 |
1993年 | 781篇 |
1992年 | 747篇 |
1991年 | 555篇 |
1990年 | 403篇 |
1989年 | 380篇 |
1988年 | 298篇 |
1987年 | 201篇 |
1986年 | 154篇 |
1985年 | 158篇 |
1984年 | 139篇 |
1983年 | 63篇 |
1982年 | 104篇 |
1981年 | 116篇 |
1980年 | 84篇 |
1979年 | 85篇 |
1978年 | 65篇 |
1977年 | 54篇 |
1976年 | 33篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Q. Gong R. N tzel P.J. van Veldhoven T.J. Eijkemans J.H. Wolter 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2005,280(3-4):413-418
We report on the shape transition from InAs quantum dashes to quantum dots (QDs) on lattice-matched GaInAsP on InP(3 1 1)A substrates. InAs quantum dashes develop during chemical-beam epitaxy of 3.2 monolayers InAs, which transform into round InAs QDs by introducing a growth interruption without arsenic flux after InAs deposition. The shape transition is solely attributed to surface properties, i.e., increase of the surface energy and symmetry under arsenic deficient conditions. The round QD shape is maintained during subsequent GaInAsP overgrowth because the reversed shape transition from dot to dash is kinetically hindered by the decreased ad-atom diffusion under arsenic flux. 相似文献
102.
Nanocomposites (NC) were formed using cationic poly(L ‐lysine) (PLL), a semicrystalline polypeptide, that was reinforced by sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay via solution intercalation technique. By varying solution conditions such as pH, temperature, and polypeptide concentration in the presence of clay platelets, the secondary structure of PLL was controllably altered into α‐helical, β‐sheet, and random coil. The high molecular weight polypeptide shows a strong propensity to fold into the β‐sheet structure when cast as films, irrespective of the initial secondary structure in solution. Nanocomposite local morphology confirms intercalated MMT platelets with PLL over a wide range of compositions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 239–252, 2007. 相似文献
103.
《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2005,117(5):525-531
The silicon atom may increase its coordination number to values greater than four, to form pentacoordinated compounds. It
has been observed experimentally that, in general, pentacoordinated compounds show greater reactivity than tetracoordinated
compounds. In this work, density functional theory is used to calculate the global softness and the condensed softness of
the silicon atom for SiH
n
F4−n
and SiH
n
F
5−n
1−
. The values obtained show that the global and condensed softness are greater in the pentacoordinated compounds than in the
tetracoordinated compounds, a result that explains the enhanced reactivity. If the results are analysed through a local version
of the hard and soft acids and bases principle, it is possible to suggest that in nucleophilic substitution reactions, soft
nucleophiles preferably react with SiH
n
F
5−n
1−
, and hard nucleophiles with SiH
n
F4−n
. 相似文献
104.
关于局部对称空间中2-调和子流形 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文研究局部对称完备黎曼流形中的紧致2-调和子流形,得到了这类流形第二基本模式长平方的Pinching定理及推广的J.Simons型积分不等式。 相似文献
105.
Quantitative H–Al distances in acid sites of two zeolites with MFI and IFR framework topology were obtained by numerical simulation of 1H{27Al} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) experiments. A 27Al offset-dependent data set yields for each resolved 1H NMR line a corresponding nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constant of the neighboring 27Al site. This information is used for analyzing a second data set for on-resonance irradiation, where the dipolar evolution time (number of rotor cycles) was varied, to yield the 1H–27Al dipolar coupling constant. Numerical simulations indicate that the REAPDOR method does not depend significantly on the polar angles, defining the orientation of the electric field gradient tensor of 27Al with respect to the Al–H dipolar vector. In contrast, the transfer of populations in double resonance sequence is sensitive to these angles, and it can be thus used to measure them. 相似文献
106.
用过氧聚钨酸(PPTA)水溶液,通过离心涂膜法在显微镜载玻片上制备了具有光滑表面且厚度为100nm的PPTA薄膜,利用PPTA薄膜在紫外光照下可研制光栅以及其它光学元件的薄膜材料,具有很高的利用价值。 相似文献
107.
The object of the present investigation is to introduce a new trigonometric method of summation which is both regular and
Fourier effective and determine its status with reference to other methods of summation (see §2-§4) and also give an application
of this method to determine the degree of approximation in a new Banach space of functions conceived as a generalized Holder
metric (see §5). 相似文献
108.
The nanocrystal samples of titanium dioxide doped with europium ion (Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystal) are synthesized by the sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment. The Eu3+ contents (molar ratio) in the samples are 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. The X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy data and scanning electron microscope image show that crystallite size is reduced by the doping of Eu3+ into TiO2. Comparing the Raman spectra of TiO2 with Eu3+/TiO2 (molar ratio Eu3+/TiO2=1%, 2% and 4%) nanocrystals at different annealing temperatures indicates that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperatures of Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals are higher than that of TiO2. This is due to the formation of Eu-O-Ti bonds on the surface of the TiO2 crystallite, as characterized by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectra of TiO2 in Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals are interpreted by the surface self-trapped and defect-trapped exciton relaxation. The photoluminescence of Eu3+ in Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals has the strongest emission intensity at 2% of Eu3+ concentration. 相似文献
109.
Tatsuo Nakagawa Satoshi Fukura Munenori Nakai Kazumasa Sugiyama Ryohei Kokawa Hiroyuki Kagi 《Optical Review》2006,13(4):269-275
We constructed a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) on a commercially available atomic force microscopy (AFM) apparatus
(SPM-9500J2; Shimadzu Corp.) to measure the stress distribution in ceramic composite materials. Features of our SNOM system
are: (1) a compact SNOM head substituted for the original AFM head; (2) a wide scanning range (125 × 125 μm2) inherited from the original scanner; (3) use of conventional shear-force regulation; (4) an optical system for the illumination-collection
(I-C) mode; (5) excitation by a 488 nm line of an Ar-ion laser, and (6) light detection by photon counting or a polychromator
equipped with an electronically cooled charge coupled device (CCD). This SNOM system was used to measure the surface structure
and stress distribution of an Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic composite. We simultaneously measured topographic images and fluorescence spectra of an Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic composite. We estimated its peak intensity, peak position, and peak width from the fluorescence spectrum during
scanning, which respectively correspond to the abundance of Al2O3, stress in the grain, and the anisotropy of that stress. Mapping images showed that the stress and its anisotropy were weaker
in the center of the Al2O3 grain than its boundary between Al2O3 and ZrO2. That observation suggests that Al2O3 underwent intense anisotropic stress induced by volume expansion in the phase transition of ZrO2 from the cubic phase to the monoclinic phase during preparation. 相似文献
110.