全文获取类型
收费全文 | 38513篇 |
免费 | 6895篇 |
国内免费 | 21720篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 43754篇 |
晶体学 | 1818篇 |
力学 | 1402篇 |
综合类 | 1178篇 |
数学 | 4732篇 |
物理学 | 14244篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 367篇 |
2023年 | 1326篇 |
2022年 | 1608篇 |
2021年 | 1826篇 |
2020年 | 1490篇 |
2019年 | 1731篇 |
2018年 | 1248篇 |
2017年 | 1685篇 |
2016年 | 1889篇 |
2015年 | 2057篇 |
2014年 | 2791篇 |
2013年 | 3289篇 |
2012年 | 3378篇 |
2011年 | 3225篇 |
2010年 | 3020篇 |
2009年 | 3236篇 |
2008年 | 3698篇 |
2007年 | 3480篇 |
2006年 | 3776篇 |
2005年 | 3421篇 |
2004年 | 3473篇 |
2003年 | 2663篇 |
2002年 | 1757篇 |
2001年 | 1679篇 |
2000年 | 1262篇 |
1999年 | 1247篇 |
1998年 | 912篇 |
1997年 | 685篇 |
1996年 | 626篇 |
1995年 | 575篇 |
1994年 | 581篇 |
1993年 | 492篇 |
1992年 | 542篇 |
1991年 | 618篇 |
1990年 | 476篇 |
1989年 | 470篇 |
1988年 | 261篇 |
1987年 | 114篇 |
1986年 | 54篇 |
1985年 | 55篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
研究了一些氧化物的H2-TPR及CO-TPR行为,结果发现,Co3O4/Al2O3,NiO/SiO2,NiO和Pd/NiO的H2-TPR温度要低于它们的CO-TPR温度,特别是Pd/NiO样品,它的H2-TPR温度为598K,而其CO-TPR温度高达949K,差别为351K,因此有可能利用Pd/NiO在一定温度下选择性地与CO中的H2反应而将其除去. 实验结果表明,Pd/NiO可在603K及4000h-1的条件下从H2(0.34%),CO(50%)和N2(余)的混合气中选择性地除去90%以上的H2,吸氢容量为每克样品55mL标准态H2. 相似文献
992.
993.
The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 feedstock is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Therefore, the efficient chemical conversion of CO2 into value-added products has recently attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. The transformation of CO2 generally requires high-energy substrates, specific catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Consequently, several efforts have been dedicated toward the development of high-performance catalysts and new reaction routes for CO2 conversion over the last few decades. To date, many routes of convert CO2 into value-added chemicals have been proposed, together with the development of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Among the advanced catalysts reported to date, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated and show great potential for the efficient, selective, and economical conversion of CO2 into highly valuable products under mild conditions, even under ambient conditions. Some task-specific ILs have been designed with unique functional groups (e.g., —OH, —SO3H, —NH2, —COOH, and —C≡N), which can act as the solvent, absorbent, activating agent, catalyst, or cocatalyst to realize the transformation of CO2 under metal-free and mild conditions. In addition, a variety of catalytic systems composed of ILs and metal catalysts have also been reported for the transformation of CO2, in which the combination of the IL and metal catalyst is responsible for CO2 conversion with high efficiency. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in IL-mediated CO2 transformation into chemicals prepared via C—O, C—N, C—S, C—H, and C—C bond forming processes. ILs that can chemically capture CO2 with high capacity are first introduced, which can activate CO2 via the formation of IL-based carbonates or carbamates, thus realizing the transformation of CO2 under metal-free and mild conditions. Recent progress in IL-mediated CO2 transformations to form carbonates and various kinds of N- and S-containing compounds (e.g., oxazolidinones, ureas, benzimidazolones, formamides, methylamines, benzothiazoles, and other chemicals) as well as CO2 hydrogenation to give formic acid, methane, acetic acid, low-carbon alcohols, and hydrocarbons has been summarized in this review with a focus on the reaction routes, catalytic systems, and reaction mechanism. In these reactions, ILs can simultaneously activate the substrate via strong H-bonding in addition to activating CO2, and the cooperative effects among the ionic and molecular species and metal catalysts accomplish the reactions of CO2 with various kinds of substrates to afford a wide range of value-added chemicals. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of ILs are discussed. In short, IL-mediated CO2 transformations provide green and effective routes for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, which may have great potential for a wide range of applications. 相似文献
994.
Hong Xin SHI * Hui LIN Gérard MANDVILLE Zhejiang Key Lab. of Green-chemical Synthetic Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou .Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Université de Paris-Sud ICMO Orsay Cédex France 《中国化学快报》2004,15(3):288-291
The reaction of aromatic carboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride gives rise to the corresponding acid chloride which without purification is treated with the sodium salt of mercaptopyridine oxide in the presence of 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), radical initiator to give a brominated aromatic compound. After etherification and oxidation, 5-iodovaniline was converted to trisubstituted benzene carboxylic acid which give 1-bromo-3-methoxy-4-propoxy-5-iodobenzene by this new brominating process with a yield of 74%. 相似文献
995.
稀土掺杂对锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4结构及电性能的影响 总被引:19,自引:5,他引:19
利用微波加热技术合成稀土掺杂基锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2-xRExO4(RE=Y,Nd,Gd,Ce),通过XRD、循环伏安及恒电漉充放电测试研究了稀土掺杂离子对合成正极材料结构及电化学性能的影响。XRD测试结果表明,合适的掺杂量可以起到扩展锂离子脱嵌通道和稳定骨架结构的作用,稀土离子的引入可以部分取代原有的三价锰离子,由于稀土离子的离子半径较三价锰离子大,因此稀土掺杂锰酸锂材料的晶胞参数比未掺杂材料大,在一定程度上扩充了锂离子迁移的三维通道,更有利于锂离子的嵌入与脱嵌;循环伏安及恒电漉充放电测试结果表明稀土掺杂有效提高了LiMn2O4材料的电化学循环可逆性及循环稳定性。 相似文献
996.
采用可有效破坏H_2O分子间氢键的高浓度的ClO_4~-为主要支持电解质,在比通常低数十倍浓度的卤素离子体系中可获得很强的H_2O的表面增强Raman散射(SERS)信号,并可在含SCN~-体系中观察到H_2O的SERS现象。在0.1mol/LLiCl和3mol/L LiClO_4体系中的SERS谱表明电极表面上存在两种性质十分不同的H_2O分子,文中较详细地讨论这一异常现象。采用合适的电解质和电极表面处理可扩展对H_2O的SERS研究,更深入认识电化学界面的复杂结构。 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
在自制的硅基纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)高效液相色谱手性固定相上(HPLC-CSP),优化了1-(6'-甲氧基萘)乙醇氢酯基化反应产物-萘普生甲酯手性分离的条件,测定了相应的一系列不对称氢酯基化反应产物的对映体过剩值(e.e.值)。结果表明,在CDMPC-CSP手性柱上用HPLC测定此类不对称催化反应的光学产率,评价催化剂体系的手性选择是一种非常理想的方法。 相似文献
1000.