Analysis of pesticide residues in tobacco with online size exclusion chromatography with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

An ultrasensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of pesticides residues in tobacco was developed with online size exclusion chromatography with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Tobacco samples were extracted with the solvent mixture of cyclohexane and acetone (7:3, v/v) and centrifuged. Then, the supernatant liquors were injected directly into the online size exclusion chromatography with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry without any other purification procedures after being filtered with a 0.22 μm organic phase filter. The matrix interferences were effectively removed and recoveries of most pesticides were in the range of 72–121%. Especially, for chlorothalonil, the analysis efficiency of this method was much more favorable than that of the general method, in which dispersive solid‐phase extraction was used as an additional purified procedure. In addition, the limits of quantitation of this method were from 1 to 50 μg/kg. Therefore, a rapid, cost‐effective, labor‐saving method was proposed in the present work, which was suitable for the analysis of 41 pesticide residues in tobacco.     

Multiresidue analytical method of pesticides in peanut oil using low-temperature cleanup and dispersive solid phase extraction by GC-MS

A method for the determination of 33 pesticides in peanut oil by GC-MS was described. Two extraction procedures based on (i) low-temperature extraction and (ii) liquid-liquid extraction were tested for the optimization of the method. The mixture of anhydrous MgSO(4) with primary secondary amine (PSA) or with PSA and C(18) was performed as sorbents in dispersive SPE. Low temperature along with PSA and C(18) cleanup gave the best results. Pesticides were identified and quantified by GC-MS in SIM mode. The correlation coefficients, R(2), in the linear range tests were better than 0.990. The average recoveries for most pesticides (spiked at 0.02, 0.05, 0.2, and 1 mg/kg) ranged from 70 to 110%, the RSD was below 20% in most instances, and LODs varied from 0.5 to 8 mug/kg.     

Behaviour of semipermeable membrane devices in neutral pesticide uptake from waters

The application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) has been evaluated as a passive sampler for the collection of multiresidue pesticides in continental waters. Seven chlorinated, five organophosphorus, six carbamate, nine pyrethroid and ten other pesticides were tested in order to estimate which compounds can be retained with these devices. The effect of water parameters, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and organic matter content, were evaluated for their effect on the retention of the pesticides by the SPMDs. Studies of uptake from water were performed in a glass beaker containing 2 L distilled water spiked with 50 ng L⁻¹ of each pesticide investigated. A SPMD was put in the beaker, under turbulent conditions, and analysed after 2 days’ extraction. The contents of each SPMD were microwave-assisted-extracted twice with 30 mL hexane–acetone, to 90 °C for 10 min, and this was followed by a cleanup based on acetonitrile partitioning and solid-phase extraction. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection was employed for determination of pesticides, and provided low limits of detection from 0.5 to 7 ng per SPMD. Higher absorption rates were observed for pyrethroid, organophosphorus and chlorinated compounds than for carbamates. Pesticide uptake rates were independent of the water composition and decreased at low temperature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Determination of chlormequat in pig serum and sow milk by LC–MS/MS

Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator widely used on cereals, and there is general concern that it may impair human fertility. A LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of chlormequat in milk and serum was developed and validated in connection with an investigation on the effect of chlormequat on pig reproduction. Validation of the method was based on recovery tests at three spiking levels, determined as double determinations and repeated at least four times. Samples were extracted with methanol–water–acetic acid, centrifuged, filtrated and determined by LC–MS/MS. The mean recoveries were in the range 80–110%, and the LOD was 0.2 ng/g for serum and 0.3 ng/g for milk. The values for repeatability and reproducibility were within 2/3 of the limits given by the Horwitz equation. Samples of pig serum (59) and sow milk (27) were analyzed using the method. Chlormequat was determined in four milk samples in the range of 0.4 ng/g to 1.2 ng/g and in all serum samples in the range of 0.2 ng/g−4.0 ng/g.     

具有生物活性有机硅化合物的研究(XIV)──含硅四配位双(单)硫代磷酸酯化合物的研究

共合成了13个含硅四配位二硫代磷酸酯和2个含硅四配位单硫代磷酸酯的新化合物,经元素分析、IR、¹HNMR、MS确定了新化合物结构,对部分化合物进行了生物活性的测定,结果表明个别化合物有较好的生物活性。     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱测定方法

首次建立了中药材中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的提取、净化及其毛细管气相色谱测定法。运用混合溶剂提取,填有Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ和氧化铝的层析柱净化。样品中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的添加回收率分别为９４．３０％～９９．３４％,９５．１７％～１０１．５５％和８９．１２％～１００．９７％;ＲＳＤ分别为４．０２％～８．２２％,１．９０％～８．０４％和３．７５％～５．０９％。结果表明,被测样品中除白芍外均含有氰戊菊酯,个别样品中含溴氰菊酯。实验表明,该法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、操作简便、净化效果好、适用性广等特点     

Behaviour of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in apple samples

Summary A study of the decay of acephate in apple samples was carried out, including penetration studies and the transformation of acephate in to its main metabolite, methamidophos. Sample treatment involved extraction with ethyl acetate and determination by gas chromatography with nitrogen—phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). Three different parts of the fruit were studied separately: apple surface, peel and pulp. Recoveries were measured at three spiked levels, ranging from 0.050 to 0.504 μg g⁻¹ for acephate and 0.049 to 0.492 μg g⁻¹ for methamidophos. Mean acephate recoveries were 93.0 to 115.5% from peel and 99.2 to 110.2% from pulp, while methamidophos recoveries were 77.2 to 104.2% and 77.5 to 98.6% from peel and pulp, respectively (n=6). Results showed that acephate penetrates into the fruit, where it is transformed to methamidophos. This transformation was not seen on the external apple surface.     

农药化学中的绿色化学

绿色化学是从根本上消除环境污染的必由之路。由于某些传统农药是引起环境污染的一个重要因素,因而对农药化学中的绿色化学进行研究和推广具有非常重要的意义。本文应用绿色化学原理,对农药化学中的一些绿色化学方法和技术作了简单介绍。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析鉴定鱼体内杀虫双

应用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用检测了国产新杀虫剂杀虫双。试样(5 g)经用0.1 mol.L-1HCl提取,并经离心分离除去不溶物。所得澄清试液,用0.1 mol.L-1NaOH溶液调节至pH 9,再用0.1 mol.L-1硫化钠处理,随后用CHCl3萃取,将萃取液蒸至近干用甲醇1 mL定容。此溶液供GC-MS检测。气相色谱分析时用弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(DB1701,30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)。质谱测定中SIM模式的特征离子为m/z70,103和149。用不同浓度的杀虫双标准溶液(0.1,0.2,0.5和1.0 mg.L-1)制作标准曲线作为定量依据。用标准加入法进行平行12次测定,得到RSD在8.5%~16.8%之间,回收率在80%~91%之间。     

百菌清残留检测及其与中药相互作用荧光光谱研究

固定激发波长320 nm,对不同浓度百菌清药液进行荧光光谱实验,发现在352和366 nm处有明显特征峰,随着药液浓度降低,366 nm肩峰逐渐消失,而352 nm特征峰保持稳定;对百菌清浓度和所得发射光谱荧光强度(352 nm)进行指数函数回归分析,相关系数为0.999,实验结果与荧光强度-浓度理论计算公式相符合;对低浓度药液浓度和荧光强度进行线性拟合,其百菌清残留预测模型函数相关系数为0.995,最低检出限为0.018 8 μg·mL-1,定量极限值为0.062 7 μg·mL-1,线性范围为0.062 7～28.45 μg·mL-1。通过对中药材黄芪和枸杞与百菌清混合体系的荧光光谱进行研究,发现两种中药材对百菌清荧光强度都有较强的衰减,表明它们都和百菌清发生了相互作用。经过分析计算,黄芪和枸杞的衰减率分别为88.5%和99.7%,对其建立强度衰减模型函数,相关系数分别为0.994和0.997。研究结果为利用荧光光谱检测百菌清残留提供了实验依据,表明可以采用荧光光谱方法直接对百菌清农药残留进行检测,相关参数值满足检测要求标准,这为进一步利用荧光光谱检测该农药在果蔬中的残留具有重要的参考价值。同时发现药食同源类中药材枸杞和黄芪都能对百菌清荧光特征峰强度产生显著衰减,这为研究利用药食同源类中药材降解农药残留提供了新的研究思路。