全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25317篇 |
免费 | 1600篇 |
国内免费 | 3586篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 19964篇 |
晶体学 | 1061篇 |
力学 | 345篇 |
综合类 | 217篇 |
数学 | 4528篇 |
物理学 | 4388篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 234篇 |
2022年 | 873篇 |
2021年 | 837篇 |
2020年 | 688篇 |
2019年 | 688篇 |
2018年 | 575篇 |
2017年 | 692篇 |
2016年 | 701篇 |
2015年 | 642篇 |
2014年 | 944篇 |
2013年 | 1961篇 |
2012年 | 1452篇 |
2011年 | 1527篇 |
2010年 | 1501篇 |
2009年 | 1704篇 |
2008年 | 1659篇 |
2007年 | 1659篇 |
2006年 | 1562篇 |
2005年 | 1354篇 |
2004年 | 1317篇 |
2003年 | 1114篇 |
2002年 | 947篇 |
2001年 | 716篇 |
2000年 | 703篇 |
1999年 | 532篇 |
1998年 | 525篇 |
1997年 | 430篇 |
1996年 | 363篇 |
1995年 | 382篇 |
1994年 | 325篇 |
1993年 | 305篇 |
1992年 | 287篇 |
1991年 | 215篇 |
1990年 | 127篇 |
1989年 | 153篇 |
1988年 | 141篇 |
1987年 | 94篇 |
1986年 | 62篇 |
1985年 | 73篇 |
1984年 | 91篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 46篇 |
1981年 | 63篇 |
1980年 | 51篇 |
1979年 | 38篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
X. Yang 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(10):3647-3657
The room-temperature adsorption and thermally induced processes of propionic acid and pyruvic acid on Ni(1 0 0) have been investigated by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Computational vibrational analysis of the optimized bidentate structures for acid-Ni model complexes (involving the organic acid and a Ni atom) has been performed by using the two-layer ONIOM method with the Density Functional Theory and used to interpret the vibrational EELS data. Dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group is found to result in bonding of the carboxylate group in the propionate and pyruvate adspecies to either a single Ni surface atom in a bidentate configuration or two neighbouring Ni atoms in a bridge configuration. Given the similarities in the total energies and related vibrational frequencies obtained by the calculations in the case of pyruvate adspecies, it is difficult to differentiate the alternate adsorption structure, in which the keto O and hydroxyl O atoms are bonded to a Ni atom in a five-member chelate ring configuration. Furthermore, temperature-dependent EELS studies show that both the propionate and pyruvate adspecies could decompose upon annealing to above 400 K and further dissociate to CO adspecies above 550 K and to C and/or O above 600 K. 相似文献
52.
Maria Mamalui Chien-Yueh Huang 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,22(4):912-920
We present the theoretical study of the effect of external random field characterized by a Gaussian probability distribution function on the continuous phonon spectrum of one-dimensional (1D) chain, based on the Jacobian matrix method. The cumulative effect of the random field and simple isotopic defect is studied analytically and numerically. The Gaussian random field removes a square-root divergence appearing in the phonon spectrum of ideal 1D chain. The impurity phonon DOS shows strong dependence on the variance and the mean of the random field and exhibits very different behavior from the non-random case: the continuous spectrum is expanded and the δ-peak, describing discrete impurity vibrations in the non-random chain with the impurity, falls into a continuous zone. 相似文献
53.
Niyazi Bicak Bunyamin Karagoz Umit Tunca 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(16):2549-2555
The controlled reaction of equimolar quantities of maleic anhydride and glycidol in dimethoxyethane gives soluble polyesters with one hydroxyl group in each repeating unit. The reaction proceeds with stepwise ring opening of the components and gives highly viscous clear solutions in relatively short periods. In the first step, monomaleate ester formation takes place around 80 °C. The ring opening of the oxirane group is the second step, and it occurs at 120 °C. The overall reaction is the formation of soluble polyesters with moderate molecular weights (6000–18,000), without the elimination of water. The soluble polyesters can be crosslinked tightly by direct heating at 190 °C without additional vinyl monomer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2549–2555, 2003 相似文献
54.
Precise measurement of magnetic moment of short-lived β-emitting nuclei12B ( I π=1+, T 1/2=20.18 ms)
Zhou Dongmei Zheng Yongnan Du Enpeng Xu Yongjun Zhu Jiazheng Yuan Daqing Wang Zhiqiang Luo Hailong Zuo Yi Ma Ruigang Duan Xiao M. Mihara M. Fukuda K. Matsuta T. Minamisono Zhu Shengyun 《中国科学G辑(英文版)》2004,47(5):531-539
The spin polarized β-emitting nuclei12B (I
π=1+,T
1/2=20.18 ms) were produced by the nuclear reaction11B(d, p)12B and by the selection technique of the incident deuteron energy and the12B recoil angle following the nuclear reaction. The nuclear magnetic moment of the short-lived nuclei12B was measured by β-NMR with the β-NMR and β-NQR setup established for the first time in China. The nuclear magnetic moment
of12B was determined to be μ=0.99993±0.00048 nm org=0.99993±0.00048 after the precise correction of the Knight shift. 相似文献
55.
A. Y. Miguelote N. A. Tomimura Anzhong Wang 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2004,36(8):1883-1918
Perfect fluid with kinematic self-similarity is studied in 2+1 dimensional spacetimes with circular symmetry, and various exact solutions to the Einstein field equations are given. These include all the solutions of dust and stiff perfect fluid with self-similarity of the first kind, and all the solutions of perfect fluid with a linear equation of state and self-similarity of the zeroth and second kinds. It is found that some of these solutions represent gravitational collapse, and the final state of the collapse can be either a black hole or a null singularity. It is also shown that one solution can have two different kinds of kinematic self-similarity. 相似文献
56.
M. I. Al-Jarallah Fazal-ur-Rehman F. Abu-Jarad A. Al-Shukri 《Radiation measurements》2003,36(1-6):445-448
An indoor radon survey of a total of 269 dwellings, with one dosimeter per house, distributed in four Saudi Arabian cities was carried out. The objective of this survey was to carry out indoor radon measurements of two cities in the Eastern Province, Khafji and Hafr Al-Batin and to compare this with two cities in the Western Province, Al-Madina and Taif. The survey provides additional information about indoor radon concentrations in Saudi Arabia. The results of the survey in these cities showed that the overall minimum, maximum and average radon concentration were 7,137 and 30 Bqm−3, respectively. The lowest average radon concentration (20 Bqm−3) was found in Hafr Al-Batin, while the highest average concentration was found in Khafji (40 Bqm−3). 相似文献
57.
《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2003,41(9):731-734
An NMR study of one new and several known abietane diterpenes isolated from the roots of Aegiphila lhotzkyana is described. In addition to 1D NMR, several 2D shift‐correlated NMR pulse sequences (1H–1H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) were used to establish all the structures, and unambiguously perform the 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of the new natural diterpene and three derivatives, the NMR data for which have not been reported previously. Revision of current data assignment for teuvincenone H is also suggested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
Hyun Chul Choi Min Kyu Lee Hyun Joon Shin Seung Bin Kim 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2003,130(1-3):85-96
To investigate the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the Li1+xV3O8 electrode surface in the thermodynamic stability range of the organic electrolyte, we applied scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) to a pristine electrode and to an electrode after ten cycles. The F K-edge absorption spectrum of the cycled electrode showed that LiF forms on the electrode surface during the lithium insertion–extraction process in the Li1+xV3O8/Li cell. The photoelectron spectrum for the cycled electrode showed intense spectral features corresponding to Li 1s, F 2s, F 2p, and P 2p electron signals, whereas these spectral features were of negligible intensity for the pristine electrode. The above results give strong support for the formation of an SEI that consists of LiF and compounds containing phosphorus during operation of the battery. The SPEM images also revealed that the fluorine distribution on the surface of the cycled electrode was inhomogeneous. 相似文献
59.
The structure of the title adduct comprises a phenanthroline derivative 2-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline and a methanol.The composition of the crystalline adduct was characterized as C19H12N4.CH3OH.It belongs to orthorhombic system,space group Pna21 with a=1.3693(4)nm,b=2.2988(7)nm,c=0.51338(15)nm,V=1.6160(8)nm^3.Z=4,and final R1=0.0423.wR2=0.1012 .Crystal structure shows that all the 19 carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms are coplanar.The bond length data indicated that a very extensive conjugation system was formed.This conjugation makes the compound being a potentially excellent energy transformer used for luminescent materials. 相似文献
60.
中国股票市场风险的实证分析研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本文从实证角度说明了上证指数和深证成份指数存在着GARCH现象 ,并建立了沪、深两市股指波动率的IGARCH(1,1) M模型与EGARCH(1,1) M模型。将估计的IGARCH(1,1) M模型与EGARCH(1,1) M模型比较得出 ,对上证指数的波动率 ,IGARCH(1,1) M模型与EGARCH(1,1) M模型的模拟效果基本相同 ,而对深证成份指数的波动率 ,IGARCH M模型要略优于EGARCH M模型。同时还对两市的股指收益的波动率进行了预测分析 相似文献