Ziegler-Natta catalysed polymerisation for the preparation of copolymers with pendant sucrose moieties

The copolymerisations of the monomers 1 (1′,2,3,3′,4,4′,6-hepta-O-benzyl-6′-O-crotonyl-sucrose) and 2 (1′,2,3,3′,4,4′,6-hepta-O-benzyl-6′-O-methacryloyl-sucrose) with styrene/methyl methacrylate have been examined in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalyst TiCl₄/AlEt₃. A study of the effect of the reaction conditions, the monomer structure and the initial quantity of the comonomers on the sugar incorporation and molecular mass of the final copolymers has been carried out. In this way, by the coordination mechanism of polymerisation we had obtained novel linear unbranched polymers and copolymers, potentially useful for biomedical applications.     

不同碳源制备的介孔碳分子筛的性能研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为模板剂,分别采用蔗糖、糠醇和酚醛树脂作为碳源制备介孔碳分子筛.用TGA、XRD、N2吸附-脱附和TEM对制备的样品进行了表征和比较.结果表明,三种碳源制备的介孔碳分子筛的结构有序性明显不同.用蔗糖为碳源能够得到结构高度有序的介孔碳分子筛,其比表面积和孔容最大,分别为1 422 m2·g和1.15 cm3·g;用糠醇为碳源制备的样品次之;用普通酚醛树脂为碳源制备的样品其结构有序性最差.     

Investigation into Molecular Diffusion in Hydrogels Using the Refractive Index Method

An in‐situ refractive index method is applied to study the diffusion process of sucrose in hydrogels. Diffusion was monitored by recording the refraction of a laser beam when passing through a triangular hydrogel cell. The distribution of refractive index changes was obtained from the deviated distance of the linear beam and converted to the distribution of concentration. By employing Fick's second law, the diffusion behavior was investigated and the diffusion coefficient was obtained.

Schematic picture of the refractive index equipment to study the diffusion process.     

丙氨酸在蔗糖-水混合溶剂中的焓对相互作用

利用LKB2277生物活性检测仪测定了298.15 K时丙氨酸分别在不同组成的蔗糖- 水混合溶剂中的稀释焓,利用McMillan-Mayer理论,计算了丙氨酸在不同组成的蔗 糖-水混合溶剂中的焓对相互作用系数h_2,并与其在葡萄糖-水混合溶剂中的焓对 相互作用系数h_2进行了比较。结果表明,丙氨酸的h_2分别在葡萄糖和蔗糖的摩尔 分数为0.1009和0.05843处出现极大值,极值点位置的不同与糖分子所含羟基数目 的多少有关,根据溶质-溶质相互作用和溶质-溶剂相互作用对结果进行了解释。     

用于乳糖含量测定的新型氨基键合硅胶色谱固定相的制备及评价

基于合成的氨基键合硅胶色谱固定相,按照2015版《中华人民共和国药典》乳糖项下含量测试方法,建立了高效液相色谱-示差折光检测（HPLC-RI）分离乳糖与蔗糖的分析方法。考察了3种不同类型的氨基色谱固定相制备的色谱柱（300 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）对乳糖和蔗糖的保留时间、分离度和峰面积稳定性等色谱行为的影响。以乙腈-水（70 ∶ 30,v/v）为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10 μL。结果表明：使用异丙基侧链保护的氨基色谱柱时,乳糖和蔗糖的分离度为3.03,实现了二者的良好分离,且各目标物峰形良好;乳糖峰面积的RSD仅为1.14%,小于药典规定的2.0%。该法满足2015版《中华人民共和国药典》方法中乳糖含量测定的要求,适合作为乳糖含量测定的质控色谱柱。     

红枣中果糖、葡萄糖与蔗糖的高效液相色谱示差检测分析

建立了同时分析鲜红枣中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的高效液相色谱方法.利用鲜红枣样品进行添加回收实验,获得方法对果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖测定的平均回收率分别为93.5%、91.8%和89.8%,变异系数3.27%、2.34%、5.86%.结果表明:采用高效液相色谱示差分析方法定量检测鲜红枣中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖快速、简便.同时得出方法的检出限为:果糖5.73×10-3mg/mL,葡萄糖5.22×10-3mg/mL,蔗糖3.59×10-3mg/mL,测定结果符合食品检测要求.     

Effects of Some Hydrotropic Agents on the Formation of Indomethacin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds

The influence of the water structure promoters, mannitol and sucrose, on the indomethacin/-cyclodextrin inclusion process at different pH values was evaluated using the phase solubility method and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The effect of mannitol and sucrose on the total solubilizing activity of -cyclodextrin as well as on the stabilization of the complex was moderate, and depended strongly on the pH value of the medium. The most pronounced effect on the association constant of the indomethacin inclusion compound was observed in KCl/HCl buffer of pH 1.6, because mannitol and sucrose, in the absence of -cyclodextrin, approximately double the indomethacin solubility so that the constant value decreases. On the other hand, a very strong complex formation between indomethacin and -cyclodextrin was observed in acid medium (KCl/HCl buffer, pH = 1.6), a fact not much discussed in the literature. The apparent association constant of the inclusion compound formed in the absence of mannitol or sucrose was found to be of the same order of magnitude as for the complex formed at pH 6.8. Changes in the optical activity of the indomethacin/-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were registered in the presence of sucrose, which interacts more strongly than mannitol with water molecules, and could probably adhere to the surface of the inclusion complex, thus changing its configuration and environment.     

锰源对燃烧法制备5V级正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的影响

以硝酸锰和醋酸锰,采用蔗糖燃烧法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4通过XRD、SEM、粒径分布测试、循环伏安、恒流充放电测试以及交流阻抗等方法,研究了醋酸锰和硝酸锰对产物的结构、形貌、粒径及电化学性能的影响。XRD测试结果表明样品的结构都为立方尖晶石型,属于Fd3m空间群。不同的锰源对材料的粒径及粒径分布有很大的影响。以醋酸锰为原料制得的材料的粒径较小并且分布更均匀,有利于锂离子的脱出和嵌入从而提高电化学性能。以醋酸锰为锰源制得的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4在3.6~5.2 V的充放电电压范围内的电化学性能更好,1C(1C=140.0 mA.g-1)倍率的首次放电容量为144.5 mAh.g-1,循环100周后容量保持率为96%,在3C,5C,10C以及20C的放电容量分别为136.3,132.0,124.7以及96.6 mAh.g-1。     

Study on the formation and rheological properties of sucrose stearate lamellar liquid crystals

The phase diagrams of S1570–Brij 97/oleic acid/water system at two different S1570/Brij 97 mass ratios of 1/1 (system S) and 7/3 (system P) were determined at 37°C, respectively. The microstructures and rheological properties of liquid crystals at constant surfactants/water mass ratio of 1/1 were studied with increase in oil content. Small-angle x-ray scattering measurements showed that system S exhibited a typical lamellar liquid crystals and the repeat distance (d) decreased as oil content increased. While for system P, two couples of scattering peaks were observed when oil content reached 28 wt%. This indicated that adding oil content may give rise to a multilamellar structures in the higher S1570/Brij 97 mass ratio system. The rheological tests indicated that a transition from elastic gel-like properties to viscoelastic liquid-like properties appeared in both system S and P when oil content reached 20 wt%, corresponding to the polarizing optical microscopy textures changing from oily streak to cruciate flower. This supplies a way to adjust structure, rheological properties, and even phase transition by altering the S1570/Brij 97 mass ratio and oleic acid content in system.     

A selective pulse sequence for the determination of long‐range C,H spin coupling constants

A new pulse sequence for determining scalar long range C,H spin couplings in small organic molecules is proposed. It is based on the combination of a selective J‐resolved spectrum with a selective HMBC and displays the long‐range spin couplings of one chosen carbon atom in the indirect dimension. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed on example spectra of ethanol, strychnine and sucrose. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.