高耐热PLLA/PDLA共混物的热性能和结晶结构研究

通过熔融共混法制备了一系列等比例聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)/聚右旋乳酸(PDLA)共混试样,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、核磁共振(13C-NMR)及广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等方法对共混产物进行了表征和研究分析.结果表明,等比例PLLA和PDLA熔融共混生成了立构复合物(stereocomplex,sc),同时部分均聚物发生酯交换反应,生成了立体嵌段物(stereoblock,sb),从而在DSC升温曲线上sc晶体处出现特殊的熔融双峰现象;随着熔融共混温度升高,sc晶体的生成率和结晶度逐渐下降;聚乳酸立构复合物的加工稳定性较好,二次加工后,sc晶体熔点基本不变,生成率和结晶度提高;由于sc晶体的存在,PLLA/PDLA共混物的耐热性能提高,退火热处理后耐热性能得到进一步提高.这对于开发高耐热聚乳酸及其加工应用具有重要的应用价值.     

SO_2气氛下半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce高温煤气脱硫剂的再生行为研究

以共沉淀法制备了半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce(物质的量比1.0∶2.0∶0.6)高温煤气脱硫剂,在固定床装置上研究了再生反应温度、进口SO2浓度以及再生气空速对再生性能的影响,并进行三次硫化-再生循环测试。采用XRD、SEM、BET等测试手段对脱硫剂的新鲜样、硫化样及再生样进行了表征。实验结果表明,半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce高温煤气脱硫剂在SO2气氛下600℃就能发生再生反应,且再生后的主要产物为ZnFe2O4、CeO2和单质硫;最佳再生条件为,再生温度700℃、进口SO2体积分数为12%、再生气空速为5 000 h-1。脱硫剂经过多次硫化-再生循环后,脱硫剂仍能保持较好的硫化活性。     

类椭球氧化锌纳米结构的制备与表征

"用普通氧化锌晶须作为原材料, 采用高压釜腐蚀法和高温(600 ℃)裂解结合的方法合成纳米棒构成的氧化锌类椭球结构．XRD、SEM和TEM结果表明这种类椭球结构是单晶的,纳米棒取向一致,自组装生长而成．"     

基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器的设计及实验研究

提出了三种基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器. 根据模式匹配原理采用单模光纤与少模光纤熔融连接方式, 运用耦合模理论及光束传播法模拟分析了模式选择耦合器的结构参数对模式选择及耦合特性的影响, 实现了单模光纤中基模到少模光纤中不同阶模式的转换, 以满足不同的应用需求. 实验上以2× 2熔融光纤耦合器为例, 采用对称和非对称熔融拉锥方式, 分别实现了从基模到LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式的转换. 实验结果表明所得到的LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式在1530–1560 nm的波长带宽范围内均有较高的模式纯净度, 且模式耦合效率高于80%, 与理论模拟结果基本一致.     

稀土Dy~(3+),Tm~(3+)单掺杂的四硼酸锌磷光体的热释光

通过高温固相法合成了Dy3+,Tm3+单掺杂的四硼酸锌(ZnB4O7)磷光体,测定了室温下这2个磷光体经60Coγ-射线辐照后的三维热释光谱。从三维热释光谱可以观察到:这2个磷光体的主发光峰均位于218℃;ZnB4O7∶Tm3+磷光体的主热释光峰的发射波长为366、453、475、651和754 nm,ZnB4O7∶Dy3+磷光体的主热释光峰的发射波长为480、573、665和755 nm,分别为稀土离子Tm3+和Dy3+的特征跃迁发射。对于Tm3+掺杂的ZnB4O7磷光体,热释光发射强度较高,在辐射剂量学领域有潜在的应用。利用峰形法,评估了ZnB4O7∶Tm3+磷光体在218℃时发光峰的动力学参数,其陷阱深度E为1.64 eV,频率因子为3.42×1016s-1,遵循二级动力学。     

碳酸二苯酯与1,4-丁二醇熔融酯交换法合成聚(对亚丁基)碳酸酯的研究

利用TiO2-SiO2(PVP)凝胶基催化剂(TSP),无溶剂条件下,以碳酸二苯酯与1,4-丁二醇为单体,采用常压预聚和真空缩聚两步熔融酯交换法合成了聚(对亚丁基)碳酸酯(PBC),考察了工艺条件,并对PBC的结构及物理性质进行了表征.实验结果表明,最佳工艺条件如下:预聚时间为2 h,预聚温度为220~230℃(N2保护),缩聚温度为220℃,缩聚压力300 Pa,催化剂用量为0.15 wt%.优化条件下,PBC的特性黏数为1.12dL/g,Mn为49000,Mw为101000,PDI为2.07,Tg为-32.32℃,端羟基含量为6.2×10-4mol/g,苯酚残留量为5.26 wt%.在此工艺条件下,通过控制副产物苯酚的蒸出速率及其量,可以实现产品聚合度的可控,且苯酚几乎能够完全回收.     

科学家模仿天然珍珠质结构制造新型陶瓷材料

<正>《自然-材料学》报道一种制造简便、强度硬度高的陶瓷材料,这种陶瓷材料可模拟天然珍珠质(包在珍珠外层的一种坚硬物质)的实体结构。这种陶瓷材料在600℃高温时仍可保持其性质,可应用于能源相关和运输安全相关的结构材料。陶瓷属于易碎物质。为了增强韧性,可在其成分中添加变形后不会发生断裂的聚合物和金属。但     

Toughening of polycarbonate through reactive melt blending: Effect of hydroxyl content and viscosity of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethysiloxane

In this study, four hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes(PDMSOH) with different viscosities and hydroxyl contents were used to improve the toughness of polycarbonate(PC) through reactive melt blending. A largely improved toughness of PC has been achieved, and the low temperature toughness of PC/PDMSOH blends could overtake that of PC homopolymer in much higher temperatures(e.g.-10 °C versus 23 °C). Moreover, it was found that the more the hydroxyl content, the less the PDMSOH was needed to reach the highest toughness, suggesting that equivalent molar ratio between the carbonyl group content of PC and the hydroxyl group content of PDMSOH was required for the toughening of PC. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to analyze the possible reaction between PC and PDMSOH. Contact angle was measured to assess the change of interfacial interaction between PC and PDMSOH as change of viscosity and hydroxyl content. The formation of PC-co-PDMSOH copolymer was believed to be the key for the toughening effect. This work gives a profound recommendation of the optimum kind and dosage of PDMSOH which should be used to improve the toughness of PC and will find immediate industrial applications.     

Studies on crystal transition of polyamide 11 nanocomposites by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction

Polyamide I1 （PAll） and its nanocomposites with different organoclay loadings were prepared by melt-compounding and subsequent pelletizing. The crystal phase transitions of PAl 1 and its clay nanocomposites were investigated by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction. It was found that the Brill transition of the nanocomposite was 20 K higher than that of the neat PAl 1 for both heating and cooling processes. The PAl 1 d-spacings of the nanocomposites were observed to be smaller than those of the neat PAl 1 for melt crystallization. The constraints imposed by the addition of layered clay, restricting the thermal expansion of the polymer chains, are probably responsible for such a reduction of the d-spacing.     

高色纯度高热稳定性红色荧光粉Sr3La2Ge3O12:Sm^3+的合成及其性能

通过高温固相法合成了一系列Sr3La2-xGe3O12:xSm^3+(0≤x≤0.04)红色荧光粉,并对样品的形貌、元素组成、晶体结构、发光性能及热稳定性进行了探究。结果表明:样品Sr3La2Ge3O12:xSm^3+为较宽尺寸分布的颗粒,且结构中仅含有Sr、La、Ge、O、Sm等元素。样品Sr3La1.97Ge3O12:0.03Sm^3+的Rietveld结构精修图与实测XRD图完全吻合,具有六方晶系结构。漫反射测试结果显示基质Sr3La2Ge3O12的带宽为5.54 eV,属于宽带隙材料。在404 nm激发下,样品Sr3La2-xGe3O12:xSm^3+(0≤x≤0.04)的最大发射峰位于601nm处,属于Sm^3+的6H5/2→4L13/2能级跃迁。此外,样品Sr3La1.97Ge3O12:0.03Sm^3+的发光性能最佳,其CIE色坐标为(0.5321,0.4601),色纯度高达94.2%,在298-473 K范围内具有较好的热稳定性,测试温度达到423 K时发射强度仍为室温时的81.6%。