单分散、小粒径金纳米颗粒的形貌控制增长

利用种子生长法合成了形状规则、尺寸单一的形状不同金纳米颗粒. 其中立方体纳米颗粒的边长为33±2 nm, 它是在十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)存在的条件下, 在种子的表面上用弱还原剂——抗坏血酸还原而成的. 在这个体系中, 表面活性剂CTAB既作为保护剂又作为颗粒成长的导向剂. 用UV-vis, TEM, XRD对纳米颗粒的光学性质、几何形状、纳米颗粒的单层膜概貌以及纳米颗粒的晶体结构作了表征. 考察了种子生长的时间、种子的量、抗坏血酸的量对生成纳米颗粒形状的影响.     

硬木热解过程中颗粒内部二次反应的数值研究Ⅱ.数值模拟结果

为了研究生物质（硬木）热解过程中颗粒内部的二次反应，对流化床环境下单颗粒生物质热解模型进行了求解。计算针对典型大颗粒和典型小颗粒在流化床反应器反应条件下的热解过程，对不同大小颗粒内部各种产物的生成、消耗、积累以及逃逸行为进行了定量描述。计算结果表明：对于直径为2mm的小颗粒，颗粒内二次裂解的份额可以忽略，但是对于直径10mm的大颗粒，热争过程中有超过20%的一次焦油参加了颗粒内部二次反应，颗粒内二次裂解显著地改变了热解产物分布，改变了热解产物的品质。     

抗活化血小板单克隆抗体与尿激酶杂合分子的纤溶作用

用双功能团试剂将尿激酶(UK)B链和抗人活化血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白GMP-140单克隆抗体(SZ-51)的Fab片段共价偶联。偶联的杂合分子UK-SZ-51保留了原抗体的结合专一性,它在体外的溶栓效率较尿激酶提高约5倍,其溶栓作用对血浆中纤维蛋白原的含量无影响。     

Pt微粒修饰纳米纤维聚苯胺电极对甲醇氧化电催化

以脉冲电流法制备的纳米纤维状聚苯胺(PANI)为Pt催化剂载体，用它制备了甲醇阳极氧化的催化电极Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）.研究结果表明, Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）电极对甲醇氧化具有很好的电催化活性,并有协同催化作用.在相同的Pt载量条件下， Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）电极比Pt微粒修饰的颗粒状聚苯胺电极Pt/(granular PANI)具有更好的电催化活性.此外， Pt的电沉积修饰方法同样影响Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）电极对甲醇氧化的催化活性.脉冲电流法沉积Pt形成的复合电极较循环伏安法电沉积得到的Pt复合电极具有更优异的催化活性.     

类球形正交LiMnO2的制备、微结构和电化学性能

以共沉淀法得到的类球形MnCO₃为前驱物，制备了类球形正交LiMnO₂(So-LiMnO₂)，采用XRD、SEM和N₂吸附技术对样品进行表征；与非球形正交LiMnO₂(No-LiMnO₂)进行了对比研究。结果表明：o-LiMnO₂的堆垛层错度、结晶状况、颗粒形貌和大小与前驱物的微结构密切相关；在80次电化学循环测试过程中，So-LiMnO₂经15次循环可达最大的放电容量152 mAh·g^-1，其容量衰减平均每次循环0.58 mAh·g^-1；而No-LiMnO₂要经过38次循环才能达到最大放电容量128 mAh·g^-1，容量衰减平均每次循环高达1.24 mAh·g^-1。TEM和EDS分析证明：由一次粒子团聚的类球形So-LiMnO₂能有效地抑制电解液对材料的腐蚀、减少Mn的溶解，从而提高了电化学循环能力。     

硅氧烷乳液聚合过程中大颗粒形成机理的研究：Ⅱ.聚硅氧烷乳液的耐酸碱…

研究了阴离子型与阳离子型聚硅氧烷乳液的耐酸碱稳定性，发现阴离子型乳液对酸碱都相当稳定，在乳液制备过程中，酸性催化剂不会引起乳液颗粒的凝聚；而阳离子型乳液的耐酸三稳定性性差，尤其是引起乳液颗粒慢速凝聚的碱浓度下限值很低，碱是制备阳离子型乳液的化剂，碱引起乳液颗粒的慢速凝聚是阳离子型乳液中大颗粒形成的主要原因，在乳液聚合过程中所发生的相当部分的乳化剂从水相向有机硅相的转移也是影响阳离子型乳液稳定性的一     

Uniform Rice-like CdS Particles Prepared from Water-in-oil Microemulsions

IntroductionNano-sized semiconductors are of great interestdue to their special optical and electronic proper-ties[1,2].As one of the mostimportantⅡ—Ⅵsemicon-ductors,CdS has importantapplications in many fields,such as the solar cell field,non linear o…     

磁性纳米包覆微球的制备和磁性表征

以胶体球形粒子为基体发展起来的纳米包覆(nano鄄coating)技术近来引起人们的极大兴趣,这种纳米包覆技术得到的产物常常被称为核壳粒子(core鄄shellparticles)。这种包覆一般是将纳米颗粒直接吸附在核微球上,或者包覆材料控制沉淀在核微球上[1,2]。这些复合微球常常展现出独特的光、电、力学、化学、催化等性质,因而具有广泛的研究和应用前景[3~7]。近十几年来,用做磁感应成像的超顺磁材料得到了深入的研究[4]。一方面,磁性颗粒的尺寸、电荷和表面成分对其应用有很大影响[8,9],另一方面,材料的磁学性质又主要取决于磁颗粒的大小[10]。Xu和Lindlar制备了含超顺磁颗粒的聚合物胶体颗粒,被用于构建超顺磁性的光子晶体[11,12]。在聚合物微粒上包覆氧化铁颗粒通常采用表面沉淀或表面改性官能团诱导反应包覆的方法。但这些方法不能很好控制复合微粒的均一性和表面平整性;Caruso的层鄄层包覆法(Layer鄄byLayer)虽然实现了磁性颗粒包覆[13],然而这种方法非常繁琐而不利于广泛应用。本文报道了一种新的合成磁性包覆颗粒的方法,即以聚合物微球为基核,通过非均相种子生长法包覆磁性纳米颗粒,并研究了...     

双功能型嵌入镍纳米颗粒的碳棱柱状微米棒电极用于电化学甲醇氧化助力的节能产氢

With the rapid development of human society, clean energy forms are imperative to sustain the normal operations of various mechanical and electrical facilities under a cozy environment. Hydrogen is considered among the most promising clean energy sources for the future. Recently, electrochemical water splitting has been considered as one of the most efficient approaches to harvest hydrogen energy, which generates only non-pollutant water on combustion. However, the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction significantly restricts the efficiency of water splitting and requires a relatively high cell voltage to drive the electrolysis. Therefore, seeking a thermodynamically favorable anodic reaction to replace the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction by utilizing highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for the anodic reaction and hydrogen evolution are crucial for achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production for industrial applications. Nevertheless, it is known that the oxygen evolution reaction can be replaced with other useful and thermodynamically favorable reactions to reduce the electrolysis voltage for realizing energy-efficient hydrogen production. Therefore, in this study, we present a bifunctional nickel nanoparticle-embedded carbon (Ni@C) prism-like microrod electrocatalyst synthesized via a two-step method involving the synthesis of a precursor metal-organic framework-74 and subsequent carbonization treatment for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution. The interfacial structure consisting of a nickel and carbon skeleton was realized via in situ carbonization. However, the dispersed nickel nanoparticles do not easily aggregate owing to the partition by the surrounding carbon as it would sufficiently expose the active Ni sites to the electrolytes, ensuring fast charge transfer between the catalyst and electrolytes by accelerating the electrochemical kinetics. In the anodic methanol oxidation, the products were detected as carbon dioxide and formate with faradaic efficiencies of 36.2% and 62.5%, respectively, at an applied potential of 1.55 V. Meanwhile, the Ni@C microrod catalyst demonstrated high activity and durability (2.7% current decay after 12 h of continuous operation) toward methanol oxidation, which demonstrates that methanol oxidation precedes oxidation under voltage forces. Notably, the bifunctional catalyst not only exhibits excellent performance toward methanol oxidation but also yields a low overpotential of 155 mV to drive 10 mA∙cm⁻² toward hydrogen evolution in 1.0 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH aqueous solution with 0.5 mol∙L⁻¹ methanol at room temperature, which guarantees the hydrogen production efficiency. More importantly, the constructed two-electrode electrolyzer produced a current density of 10 mA∙cm⁻² at a low cell voltage of 1.6 V, which decreased by 240 mV after replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with methanol oxidation.     

Characterization of Nested Hollow Inorganic Fullerene-like Tungsten Disulfide Nanoparticles Prepared by Solid-Gas Reaction

Non-carbon inorganic fullerene-like(IF) nanoscale materials have recently attracted intense interest due to their nested hollow and nanotube structures,In this letter,IF-WS2 nanoparticles prepared by solid-gas reaction were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the IF-WS2 nanoparticles have a nested hollow closed spherical structure with diameter of 100-150mm.