涡旋光在大学物理实验教学中的探究

涡旋光具有独特的强度和螺旋相位结构而备受人们的关注。基于涡旋光与铷原子相互作用,本文研究分析了入射光的频率、拓扑核数以及偏振状态等参量涡旋光束轮廓和能量分布的影响。实验结果表明这些参量可以实现对涡旋光空间分布的有效调制。我们的实验探索能让大学生对涡旋光有更深的理解,拓展他们的眼界。本实验研究也将在大学物理实验教学方面具有潜在的应用。     

螺旋扭曲双包层-三芯光子晶体光纤用于轨道角动量的生成

针对螺旋扭曲的单包层-少芯光子晶体光纤在生成轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum, OAM)方面存在的不足,首次将三芯和内外空气孔不均匀的双包层结构引入光子晶体光纤,并通过螺旋扭曲实现了高阶OAM模式的生成.该光纤通过引入特殊设计的双包层结构有望降低生成的OAM模式的损耗,而围绕中心呈正三角分布的三个纤芯有望增加生成的OAM模式的数量.在光学变换原理的基础上,通过有限元方法对该光纤进行系统的分析,结果发现,当扭曲率a=7853.98 rad/m时,生成的OAM模式包括“OAM_–4,1, OAM_+9,1,OAM_+10,1, OAM_+11,1, OAM_+13,1”,其中+13阶是目前利用螺旋扭曲光纤生成的OAM模式中最高的阶数,且OAM模式的损耗均小于1.64×10^–3 d B/m,比已有文献中最低的OAM模式损耗(Napiorkowski M, Urbanczyk W S 2018 Opt. Express 26 12131)至少降低...     

10GW甘油介质双螺旋Blumlein脉冲形成线

为实现脉冲驱动源的高储能密度和紧凑化,研制了一种以甘油为储能介质,具有中筒螺旋和内筒螺旋的高功率双螺旋Blumlein脉冲形成线(BPFL)。首先,综合绝缘稳定性和储能密度考虑,分别计算BPFL的外线和内线尺寸。利用增加中筒和内筒螺旋的方式增加输出脉宽和形成线阻抗,实现BPFL的紧凑化设计。其次,利用场路协同仿真软件计算形成线内的瞬态场位形变化,结合瞬态场分布分析电压波在形成线内的传输过程,给出外线和内线传输时延的仿真结果。在此基础上,对中筒螺旋匝数、内筒螺旋匝数,以及开关电感等影响输出波形质量的情况进行详细分析。最后,根据仿真优化结果搭建基于双螺旋BPFL的10 GW实验平台。利用脉冲变压器对BPFL充电600 kV,在10 Hz重频条件下运行10 s,于50Ω负载上产生峰值电压712 kV、半高宽136 ns的准方波脉冲,单脉冲能量与BPFL体积比达到10.8 kJ/m³,脉冲平顶峰峰值抖动为3.8%,与仿真结果吻合度较高。     

组合曲线回归法计算螺旋扁管管内对流传热系数

针对螺旋扁管壁面温度难于准确测试的特点,提出采用线性曲线回归与非线性曲线回归相结合的方法进行管内传热系数计算.进行了光管与螺旋扁管管内对流传热实验,并用该方法计算管内对流传热系数.光管传热系数计算值与经典公式的大偏差小于6%.螺旋扁管管内传热系数的计算值略大于通过测量壁温获得的传热系数值,分析了二者存在差异的原因.组合...     

Light-Gradient-Induced Spiral Wave Drifts in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction

The dynamic behaviour of spiral tip in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction under the influence of an externally applied light gradient was experimentally studied. The gradient causes different drifts for different spiral patterns. The centre of the spiral wave moved toward the region of lower light intensity. The direction of an additional perpendicular drift depended on the chirality of the spiral wave. The dependences of the drifting angle and the drifting velocity on light gradient have been measured.     

Elimination of Spiral Waves and Competition between Travelling Wave Impulses and Spiral Waves

The interaction between travelling wave impulses and spiral waves is studied and the results of their competition are related to the exciting period. From the results, it is known that the formation and development of spiral waves in cardiac tissue depend on the period by which the travelling wave impulses are excited. A method is proposed to eliminate spiral waves, which is easily operated.     

Optical and Acoustical Frequencies in a Nonlinear Helicoidal Model of DNA Molecules

We compare optical and acoustical frequencies in the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model, i.e. an extended Peyrard-Bishop model, of DNA molecules. We discuss how ratio of those frequencies depends on a value of the harmonic constant of the helicoidal spring K. Also, we suggest that the most favourable mode could be a resonance mode.     

Evolution of Spiral Waves under Modulated Electric Fields

Spirals generated from the excitable media within the Barkley model is investigated under the gradient electric fields by a numerical simulation. The spiral drift and spiral break up are observed when the amplitude of the electric fields is modulated by a constant signal or a chaotic signal. It is also verified that, even in the presence of the white noise, the whole system can reach homogeneous states after the spiral breakup, by using an adaptive strategy.     

Fast Theoretical Simulation for Design of Helical Flux Compression Generators

A theoretical scheme is derived to achieve the numerical simulation of helical flux compression generator （HFCG） design, by which not only any physical approximation is not made, but also numerical simulation can be fast obtained. In particular, an analytic formula to calculate the inductance is deduced, which is extremely close to the experimental results. The physical process of relevant interesting physical quantity, such as inductance, enlarging current, and magnetic flux density, can be calculated to compare with the experimentally quantitative results.     

First-Principles Calculation of Static Equation of State and Elastic Constants for GaSe

The all-electron full potential augmented plane-wave plus local orbital （APW_Io） method with the local-density approximation （LDA） is used to calculate the static equation of state （EOS） and elastic constants of crystalline GaSe. After the full relaxation of atomic positions, the calculated band structure at ambient pressure is consistent with the experimental data to the extent expected to give the known limits of LDA one-electron energies. The equilibrium lattice parameters found here exhibit the usual LDA-induced contraction. However, constrained with the experimental cell volume, the interlayer separation exhibits an expansion due to the LDA underestimate of the weak interlayer bonding. The calculated values of elastic constants are in good agreement with acoustic measurements. The pressure derivatives of the lattice constants derived from the theoretical elastic constants are in very good agreement with x-ray spectra measurements. Two analytical EOSs have been determined at pressures up to 4.5 GPa. The pressure evolution of the structure indicates that the layer thickness decreases slightly under pressure.