石墨烯及其复合材料吸油性能研究进展

石油化工产品在国民经济生活中占有重要地位,但在石油开采和运输过程中漏油事件频发,对海洋生态环境造成重大污染.物理吸附除油方式以其成本低、污染小、可回收利用、操作简单等优点得到广泛应用.传统吸附材料往往具有双亲性,选择吸附性较差,需要进行表面疏水处理.石墨烯凭借其超大比表面积和亲油疏水的特性引起广泛关注.重点综述了石墨烯...     

纳米金修饰锌基金属有机框架用于过氧化氢的检测研究

本研究利用溶剂热法制备锌基金属有机框架材料(ZIF-8),再通过电沉积法将金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)负载到ZIF-8上,构建无酶电化学传感器(Au NPs/ZIF-8/GCE)用于过氧化氢(H2 O2)的电化学测定.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对修饰材料的形貌进行了表征.实验采用循环伏安法(C...     

基于9,9'-螺二芴和萘的纯碳氢主体材料（英文）

利用磷光有机发光二极管的主客体掺杂结构有助于避免三重态激子浓度猝灭,从而提高器件性能.9,9’-螺二芴(SBF)及其衍生物具有独特的正交构型和刚性骨架,具有高玻璃化转变温度、高三线态能级和用作主体材料的潜力.通过引入萘环合成并表征了两种基于SBF的纯碳氢化合物(PHC)磷光发光器件的主体材料,命名为1,4-SBF-Nap和1,8-Oct-Nap.其中,1,8-Oct-Nap分子存在一个有趣的环化反应,形成八原子环结构而不是一般的SBF.以Ir(MDQ)₂(acac)为客体,成功制备了基于这两种主体的红光器件,最大外量子效率(EQE)分别为15.0%和13.7%,证明PHC主体材料在设计上的多样性.     

表面限域掺杂提升高比能正极材料稳定性

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have broad applications in a wide variety of a fields pertaining to energy storage devices. In line with the increasing demand in emerging areas such as long-range electric vehicles and smart grids, there is a continuous effort to achieve high energy by maximizing the reversible capacity of electrode materials, particularly cathode materials. However, in recent years, with the continuous enhancement of battery energy density, safety issues have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, becoming a non-negligible factor in determining whether the electric vehicle industry has a foothold. The key issue in the development of battery systems with high specific energies is the intrinsic instability of the cathode, with the accompanying question of safety. The failure mechanism and stability of high-specific-capacity cathode materials for the next generation of LIBs, including nickel-rich cathodes, high-voltage spinel cathodes, and lithium-rich layered cathodes, have attracted extensive research attention. Systematic studies related to the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of different cathodes are crucial to elucidate the instability mechanisms of positive active materials. Factors that these studies must address include the stability under extended electrochemical cycles with respect to dissolution of metal ions in LiPF₆-based electrolytes due to HF corrosion of the electrode; cation mixing due to the similarity in radius between Li⁺ and Ni²⁺; oxygen evolution when the cathode is charged to a high voltage; the origin of cracks generated during repeated charge/discharge processes arising from the anisotropy of the cell parameters; and electrolyte decomposition when traces of water are present. Regulating the surface nanostructure and bulk crystal lattice of electrode materials is an effective way to meet the demand for cathode materials with high energy density and outstanding stability. Surface modification treatment of positive active materials can slow side reactions and the loss of active material, thereby extending the life of the cathode material and improving the safety of the battery. This review is targeted at the failure mechanisms related to the electrochemical cycle, and a synthetic strategy to ameliorate the properties of cathode surface locations, with the electrochemical performance optimized by accurate surface control. From the perspective of the main stability and safety issues of high-energy cathode materials during the electrochemical cycle, a detailed discussion is presented on the current understanding of the mechanism of performance failure. It is crucial to seek out favorable strategies in response to the failures. Considering the surface structure of the cathode in relation to the stability issue, a newly developed protocol, known as surface-localized doping, which can exist in different states to modify the surface properties of high-energy cathodes, is discussed as a means of ensuring significantly improved stability and safety. Finally, we envision the future challenges and possible research directions related to the stability control of next-generation high-energy cathode materials.     

石墨烯包覆天然球形石墨作为锂离子电池的负极材料，是否需要乙炔黑导电剂？

我们通过包覆炭化的方法制备得到了石墨烯包覆的天然球形石墨(G/SG)材料,并使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及多种电化学测试手段考察了不同石墨烯含量的复合材料的形貌结构及电化学性能。我们发现,在不添加乙炔黑(AB)的情况下,G/SG复合材料表现出较高的首次库伦效率,很好的循环稳定性和高倍率性能。当石墨烯包覆量为1%时,材料50次循环后的可逆容量可与添加10%AB的天然石墨电极(SG)等同;当石墨烯包覆量为2.5%时,材料的比容量完全高于添加10%AB的石墨电极。材料电化学性能的改善归因于石墨烯的包覆。一方面,石墨烯的柔软可变性可以保证天然石墨颗粒在充放电过程中的结构完整性,从而有效改善材料的循环稳定性;另一方面,石墨烯的存在提高了电极的导电性,促进更好导电网络的形成。因此,石墨烯包覆天然球形石墨材料中,石墨烯不仅是活性物质,也发挥导电剂的作用。当添加5%的乙炔黑时,在50 mA·g^-1电流循环50次后,5%G/SG电极的可逆容量从381.1 mAh·g^-1提高到404.5 mAh·g^-1,在1 A·g^-1电流时可逆容量从82.5 mAh·g^-1提高到101.9 mAh·g^-1,这表明G/SG电极仍然需要乙炔黑导电剂。乙炔黑颗粒填充在复合材料的空隙中,通过点接触的形式连接到G/SG颗粒,与石墨烯协同作用形成了更加有效的导电网络。尽管石墨烯包覆和乙炔黑添加对天然石墨电极具有积极的影响,例如增加了天然石墨电极的导电性和储锂性能(包括可逆容量,倍率性能和循环性能),但随着石墨烯或乙炔黑的增加,电极密度通常会降低。因此,在实际应用中应考虑石墨负极材料的质量和体积容量的平衡。这些结果对天然石墨的进一步商业应用具有重要意义。我们的工作为天然石墨电极在锂电池中的电化学行为提供了一种新的认识,并且有助于制备更高性能的负极材料。     

膜进样质谱技术及其应用

膜进样质谱（MIMS）具有简单、快速和高灵敏等优点,在现场检测中的应用日益广泛。该技术利用半透膜将目标化合物从复杂的气相、液相体系中选择性分离后进入质谱进行分析检测。由于其可在不经色谱分离和样品前处理条件下实现复杂实际样品的分析,特别适合于现场应用。该文综述了膜进样质谱的原理和主要组成,重点论述了膜进样-单光子软电离质谱方面的技术进展以及膜进样质谱在环境、生态学、生命科学、生物等领域的应用进展。最后,对膜进样质谱今后的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。     

吸光材料-激光解吸附离子化质谱用于化妆品中添加剂的快速分析

化妆品中的添加剂种类繁多,这些物质的加入可提升化妆品的使用效果和保质期限,但过量使用则可能对人体健康造成不良影响.该研究利用吸光材料-激光解吸附离子化质谱(AR-LDI MS)建立了化妆品中添加剂的快速分析方法.利用该法对化妆品中的3-亚苄基樟脑、4-甲基苄亚基樟脑、对羟基苯乙酮和环吡酮进行检测,检出限分别为4、6、4...     

食品接触材料检测技术新进展

由食品接触材料中高关注物质迁移而导致的食品安全问题已成为当今社会的重点关注领域.这些有意添加物和非有意添加物具有种类复杂、无标准谱图和标准品等特点,使其识别鉴定、定量检测与安全评估面临着众多技术挑战.发展快速、准确、灵敏的食品接触材料检测技术,实现高关注迁移物的准确定量检测是食品接触材料安全研究和管理的关键.该文简要介...     

片状云母径厚比表征方法研究

片状材料的径厚比是片状材料的一个重要特征参数。以片状云母为研究对象,引入形状明显区别于片状云母的聚苯乙烯球作为支撑材料。实验结果表明,当云母片与聚苯乙烯球混合质量比为1∶3时,呈竖立取向云母片的数量达到最大值,随机采集200个云母片的长径和厚度,其径厚比的统计样本均值为15.37。支撑材料聚苯乙烯球为片状云母带来大量支撑位点,显著提高片状云母呈竖立取向的概率,能够快速、直观地同时测量云母片的长径和厚度,有效提高云母片径厚比的测量效率和准确性。     

添加提钒尾渣对膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料稳定性和导电性的影响

以不同膨胀石墨(EG-300、EG-350和EG-400)为支撑材料,石蜡(PW)为相变主材,提钒尾渣(VT)为导电强化剂,采用熔融共混法制备复合相变材料,并对复合材料的稳定性和导电性进行测试分析.结果表明,进行60次热循环,EG/PW复合材料质量损失率小于0.03％,VT/EG/PW复合材料质量损失率小于0.08％,...