无机填料在改性两亲性水凝胶防污材料中的应用研究

水凝胶防污材料因其环保特性成为当前海洋防污领域的研究热点,然而其黏附及力学性能的不足仍是限制其实际应用的技术关键。本研究在油性结构单元增加黏附的两亲性水凝胶的基础上,通过物理共混引入Al₂O₃、 TiO₂、蒙脱土和高岭土赋予两亲性水凝胶涂层更多的黏附机制并考察它们对水凝胶涂层其它性能的影响。研究发现,随着无机填料的引入和含量的增加,水凝胶涂层的黏附性能大幅增加,静态泡板和动态划水的不脱落时间分别提高6倍和2.5倍。其中,TiO₂和高岭土能使水凝胶涂层的应力明显增强。虽然,无机填料的加入使两亲性水凝胶涂层抑制牛血清蛋白及小新月菱形藻吸附的能力下降,但在实海挂板实验中依然表现出相当的防污能力,且具有一定的实际应用价值。本研究为探讨无机填料对水凝胶涂层性能的影响提供了一些参考,并对提高两亲性水凝胶涂层黏附及力学性能提供了一种策略。     

十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚吡咯在阳极-阴极交替极化下的防污性能

采用化学氧化聚合法合成了一系列十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚吡咯(PPy-DBSA), 并研究了其电化学防污性能. 循环伏安(CV)曲线表明, PPy-DBSA在天然海水中具有良好的电化学活性和稳定性. 采用循环伏安扫描方法实现阳极极化和阴极极化交替进行, 并对极化后的PPy-DBSA电极进行了抑菌性能研究, 发现PPy-DBSA在循环伏安阳极-阴极交替(-1.0~2.0 V vs. SCE)极化下, 可成功抑制微生物(大肠杆菌)的附着, 其中在-0.6~0.8 V范围内循环伏安阳极-阴极交替极化20 min时防污效果最佳, 抑菌率可达99.8%, 明显优于恒电位阳极极化和恒电位阴极极化的结果.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定丙烯酸盐树脂中残留单体的含量北大核心CSCD

无锡自抛光防污涂料是目前世界范围内应用较广泛且用量较大的海洋防污涂料[1]。丙烯酸盐树脂作为无锡自抛光防污涂料的基料,其研究与应用是开发新型防污涂料的关键[2-3]。因此,丙烯酸盐树脂的研究成为防污涂料领域的热点,其品种和需求量逐渐增加。丙烯酸盐树脂所用的单体多数为丙烯酸类及丙烯酸酯类,这些有机物质易挥发,刺激性气味大,对人的眼睛、呼吸道和皮肤具有刺激性和腐蚀性。     

防污涂料用丙烯酸树脂的合成研究

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,利用溶液聚合的方法,对丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯进行三元共聚,合成了带有羧酸基团的丙烯酸树脂共聚物,红外光谱表征结果与预期产物所含基团吻合。对反应过程中各个影响因素进行了讨论,并由正交实验得出了最优化的合成条件:引发剂用量为2.5%,单体质量分数40%(wt.),加热温度80℃,及单体滴加时间为2.5h。该合成树脂具有稳定的分子量及粘度,可与金属盐的反应用来制备防污涂料的基料。     

聚合物防污材料表面水化层的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了吸附在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和接枝聚磺酸基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸甲酯(pSBMA)改性后的防污材料膜水化层内的水分子的结构及其动力学性质, 从微观角度解释了聚合物膜具有防污性能的原因. 模拟发现: (1)紧靠聚合物膜形成的水化层是聚合物具有防污性能的关键因素, 该水化层是溶液中的粒子(包括蛋白质分子)与聚合物膜相接触时所要克服的最主要的物理能障; (2)相对PDMS聚合物膜而言, 双离子特性自组装膜(pSBMA)在氢键、静电力的共同作用下, 可以形成空间笼状水分子网结构对水分子具有更强的束缚作用并有效降低水分子的可运动性, 形成的稳定水化层使得pSBMA具有更强的阻碍蛋白质吸附的能力.     

辣素衍生物的合成及其对新月菱形藻生长的抑制活性

通过对辣素结构分析,设计合成了9种辣素衍生丙烯酰胺单体,分析了它们的产率和熔点。并通过FTIR、NMR测试技术进行了结构表征和确认。其中有7种化合物是新化合物。室内生物学实验初步证明,所合成的辣素衍生丙烯酰胺单体对新月菱形藻生长均显示一定的抑制活性,,其大小为HDMBA>DMBA≈BMA>TMBA≈HMTBA>CHBA>HMMBA>BHBA>HMBA。     

原位探测防污高分子材料与液体界面的分子结构

Marine organisms such as plants, algae or small animals can adhere to surfaces of materials that are submerged in ocean. The accumulation of these organisms on surfaces is a marine biofouling process that has considerable adverse effects. Marine biofouling on ship hulls can cause severe fuel consumption increase. Investigations on antifouling polymers are therefore becoming important research topics for marine vessel operations. Antifouling polymers can be applied as coating layers on the ship hull, protecting it against the settlement and growth of sea organisms. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer that can effectively resist the accumulation of marine organisms. PEG-based antifouling coatings have therefore been extensively researched and developed. However, the inferior stability of PEG makes it subject to degradation, rendering it ineffective for long-term services. Zwitterionic polymers have also emerged as promising antifouling materials in recent years. These polymers consist of both positively charged and negatively charged functional groups. Various zwitterionic polymers have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional antifouling properties. Previously, surface characterizations of zwitterionic polymers have revealed that strong surface hydration is critical for their antifouling properties. In addition to these hydrophilic polymers, amphiphilic materials have also been developed as potential antifouling coatings. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups are incorporated into the backbones or sidechains of these polymers. It has been demonstrated that the antifouling performance can be enhanced by precisely controlling the sequence of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic functionalities. Since biofouling generally occurs at the outer surface of the coatings, the antifouling properties of these coatings are closely related to their surface characteristics in water. Therefore, understanding of the surface molecular structures of antifouling materials is imperative for their future developments. In this review, we will summarize our recent advancements of antifouling material surface analysis using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. SFG is a surface-sensitive technique which can provide molecular information of water and polymer structures at interfaces in situ in real time. The antifouling polymers we will review include zwitterionic polymer brushes, mixed charged polymers, and amphiphilic polypeptoids. Interfacial hydration studies of these polymers by SFG will be presented. The salt effect on antifouling polymer surface hydration will also be discussed. In addition, the interactions between antifouling materials and protein molecules as well as algae will be reviewed. The above research clearly established strong correlations between strong surface hydration and good antifouling properties. It also demonstrated that SFG is a powerful technique to provide molecular level understanding of polymer antifouling mechanisms.     

环境友好海洋防污体系的研究进展

海洋污损是海洋资源开发与利用中遇到的一个国际性难题,发展环境友好海洋防污体系是该领域最重要的方向。本文综述了近年来环境友好海洋防污体系的研究进展,并探讨了未来的发展方向。     

两性离子聚合物的生物应用

两性离子聚合物具有亲水的阴、阳离子基团,能够高度水化从而具有独特的抗生物污染性能,即能够阻抗非特异性蛋白质的吸附、细菌黏附和生物膜的形成,这种特性使得此类材料在生物医学等相关领域得到越来越多的应用。本文概略介绍了现有两性离子聚合物的抗生物污染机理——空间排斥效应和水化理论。基于抗生物污染性质,两性离子聚合物可用于防污涂层、抗菌涂层、抗凝血材料、生物医学诊断、药物传输、基因传递载体、分离膜以及船体涂料中。本文综述了两性离子聚合物的应用进展,分析了当前研究中需要解决的问题以及发展趋势,并展望了其应用前景。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定防污漆中的铜和锡

本文用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定防污漆中的铜和锡。对样品的前处理方法进行了探讨，并研究了仪器工作参数、酸度、共存金属元素锌对被测元素的影响，确定了最佳分析条件。