High-sensitivity long-period fiber grating sensor with SAN/cryptophane A for coal mine gas detection

A high-sensitivity long-period fiber grating （LPFG） methane sensor that contains a compact and uniform styrene-acrylonitrile （SAN）/cryptophane A nanofilm is presented. The sensor is prepared by using an automatic dip-coater in a solution of cryptophane A, SAN resin dissolved in ortho-dichlorobenzene, a low- volatile solvent. The effect of film thickness on the LPFG＇s resonant wavelength is thoroughly investigated. The optimum sensor among the three LPFGs with different film thicknesses is directly used to detect the methane concentration in a coal mine gas sample. The results indicate that the sensors with film thicknesses of 484 to 564 nm exhibit a redshifted resonant wavelength when the methane concentration is increased from 0% to 3.5% （vol）. The data demonstrates that the sensor with a film thickness of 484 nm has remarkable sensitivity （~0.633 nm%-X）, and its detection limit can reach 0.2%. The methane concentrations determined by our sensor are consistent with those obtained by gas chromatography.     

Au纳米粒子增强丙酮受激拉曼散射研究

受激拉曼散射(stimulated Raman scattering,SRS)具有激光的特性,并且容易获取不同波长的激光,从而成为调谐激光频率的重要途径之一。然而,由于其转化效率低,限制了它的实际应用。金属纳米粒子具有很强的表面增强效应,曾被广泛地用于增强拉曼散射而获得良好的效果。本文提出将金属纳米粒子的这种性质用于增强SRS。把Au纳米粒子混合于拉曼介质丙酮中,以532nm的纳秒脉冲激光作为激发光,研究了Au纳米粒子在丙酮中的浓度对丙酮SRS一阶Stokes光强的影响,并通过仿真计算对实验结果进行了解释和分析。     

新型碳纳米复合材料实现太阳能化学储热

<正>开发新型太阳能热存储材料已成为探索太阳能高效利用的重要基础。近日,天津大学材料学院封伟教授带领的团队,通过化学结构设计,制备了具有高效光伏化学储热特性的偶氮苯/石墨烯复合材料,克服了传统光伏储热材料与技术存在存储密度低和装置体积庞大等局限性,为实现高密度、长效循环的太阳能储热提供了可能。该成果日前刊发在自然(Nature)出版集团旗下期刊《科学报告》(Scientific Reports)上。,,     

一种自组装的长程有序纳米模式

根据Moore定律,微处理器的能力可以按指数方式快速提高,数据存储能力的提高也以相似的方式增长,所以这已经成为进一步提高光刻技术的关键点.尖端光刻技术已经允许器件的特征长度可以比用来制作它们的光波波长还要短.例如,相干效应可被用于具有超紫外光线特性的50nm模式上[1].但是想要继续在成本与效益方面有所改善,可能性很小,所以Moore定律与光刻技术将会不可避免地分道扬镳.     

An optical study of the D-D neutron irradiation-induced defects in Co-and Cu-doped ZnO wafers

Room-temperature photoluminescence and optical transmittance spectroscopy of Co-doped(1×1014,5×1016,and 1×1017cm-2) and Cu-doped(5×1016cm-2) ZnO wafers irradiated by D-D neutrons(fluence of 2.9×1010 cm-2) have been investigated.After irradiation,the Co or Cu metal and oxide clusters in doped ZnO wafers are dissolved,and the wu¨rtzite structure of ZnO substrate for each sample remains unchanged and keeps in high c-axis preferential orientation.The degree of irradiation-induced crystal disorder reflected from the absorption band tail parameter(E0) is far greater for doped ZnO than the undoped one.Under the same doping concentration,the Cu-doped ZnO wafer has much higher irradiation-induced disorder than the Co-doped one.Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the introduction rate of both the zinc vacancy and the zinc interstitial is much higher for the doped ZnO wafer with a high doping level than the undoped one.In addition,both crystal lattice distortion and defect complexes are suggested to be formed in doped ZnO wafers.Consequently,the Co-or Cu-doped ZnO wafer(especially with a high doping level) exhibits very low radiation hardness compared with the undoped one,and the Cu-doped ZnO wafer is much less radiation-hard than the Co-doped one.     

光谱法研究水团簇结构对AlCl3溶液与血清白蛋白作用的影响

研究了冷冻-解冻处理对A1CI₃溶液团簇结构和AICl₃与血清白蛋白相互作用的影响。测定了AICl₃溶液冷冻-解冻处理前后电导率的变化,发现AICI₃溶液经冷冻处理后,电导率有明显增加。采用紫外分光光度法和荧光光谱法对冷冻前后AICI₃溶液与血清白蛋白相互作用的研究表明,A1C1₃溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后,与血清白蛋白的相互作用变弱,配位诱导作用降低,静态猝灭作用变小,这种相互作用变弱的效应是由于水的分子团簇结构变化引起的。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料级硫酸盐中的铜

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料级硫酸盐中铜的方法,讨论了共存离子的干扰情况.在最佳实验条件下,该方法测定铜的特征浓度为0.019μg/mL,相对标准偏差为0.24％,样品加标回收率为99.2％-105.6％.被分析的饲料级硫酸盐中的共存离子对铜的测定基本无干扰.方法简便、快速,具有较高的准确度和精密度,适合用于饲料级硫酸盐中微量铜的测定.     

超薄泡沫铜对流动沸腾的强化换热特性

由于传热系数高、温度均匀性好及工质需求量少,微通道沸腾冷却成为极具前景的冷却方式。本文主要以烧结超薄泡沫铜为研究对象,以去离子水为工质,探讨孔隙率、入口温度和质量流率对沸腾换热特性进行研究。实验表明,增加流量和降低入口过冷度都可提升泡沫铜的换热性能。超薄泡沫铜孔隙率越高,其换热性能越好,高孔隙率泡沫铜换热性能比较优越,超薄泡沫铜两相换热系数提升约30%。     

纳米级激光发生器

研究人员成功打造出纳米级激光发生器，这种微型装置是由两个金三角形组成，金三角的尖端彼此相对形成一个三维蝴蝶结的形状。这种特殊的几何学能够在两个金属三角尖端之间形成小范围集中磁场的“热点”。西北大学化学和材料科学家TeriOdom说道：“形状真的很重要。”     

超支化分子自组装形成纳米纤维的计算机模拟研究

利用分子动力学模拟方法,针对实验上的超支化分子建立其粗粒化模型,模拟研究了该超支化分子在水和空气的界面上形成Langmuir单分子层的过程,并分析了通过自组装形成的纤维的微观结构.该纤维是由单排超支化分子线性排列形成,超支化分子的末端碳链裸露在空气中,且处于伸展的竖起状态.调节末端支链的亲疏水性能够影响形成的自组装结构,末端支链越亲水,超支化分子越不容易形成一维纳米纤维结构.