单原子催化——概念、方法与应用

单原子催化体系的成功构建将催化领域研究深入到更小的尺度范围,不仅可以从原子层次认识复杂的多相催化反应,而且由于其优越的催化性能在工业催化中具有巨大的应用潜能。本文基于近年来国内外研究者在单原子催化领域的研究工作,总结归纳了单原子催化剂的性能特征,介绍了单原子催化剂的制备手段、表征技术、理论研究及其在CO氧化、选择性加氢和光电催化等反应中的应用研究进展,分析了单原子催化剂特殊的电子结构对催化性能和反应机理的影响及其作用机制,指出了单原子催化体系在研究领域取得的突破与不足,对于深刻认识单原子催化的概念与原理、完善实验与理论研究方法、拓展应用范围和尽早实现工业应用提出了建议与展望。     

2D配位聚合物{[Eu(pdc)(ox)0.5(H2O)4]·2H2O}n的结构和荧光性质

用氯化铕和2,4-吡啶二甲酸在水热条件下反应合成了一个二维铕稀土配位聚合物{[Eu (pdc) (ox)05(H2O)4]·2H2O}n(1)(H2pdc=2,4-吡啶二甲酸;ox=草酸根阴离子),草酸根离子由部分2,4-吡啶二甲酸分解产生.X-射线单晶衍射分析表明,该配位聚合物属单斜晶系,P121/c1 (No.14)空间群,晶胞参数为a=1.53047(15) nm,b=1.10973(9) nm,c =0.85494(15) nm,β=102.81(1)°,α=y =90°.Eu3+为九配位,除了与一个pdc阴离子配体和一个ox阴离子配体螫合配位外,还与四个水分子配位.pdc阴离子通过2-位羧基以μ2-桥联方式连接两个Eu3+,吡啶环上的氮原子与其中一个Eu3+配位,4-位羧基没有参与配位.草酸根阴离子以螯合方式连接两个Eu3+.配体pdc和ox与Eu3+通过配位键连接形成了少见的2D之字形平面,该配合物在紫外光的激发下显示鲜艳的红色荧光,表明该配位聚合物具有良好的荧光性质,热重分析表明该配位聚合物具有较好的热稳定性.     

大尺寸液桥热毛细对流失稳性地面实验研究

开展大尺寸液桥浮力-热毛细对流地面实验, 探究流场转捩的临界条件及临界状态附近的流动情况. 通过粒子图像测速方法(PIV) 获得流体速度场, 研究液桥内部定常和转捩后的流场结构以及流体运动规律;并用红外热像仪测量液桥自由面温度分布, 研究流体流动的时空演化和温度振荡. 实验发现大尺寸半浮区液桥浮力-热毛细对流临界值与几何参数有关, 在大普朗特(Prandtl) 数情况下, 流场存在由稳定态向不稳定态再到混沌的转捩过程, 在临界马兰哥尼(Marangoni) 数附近, 流场内会出现行波现象, 流动模式也会随高径比的变化而发生变化;当继续增大马兰哥尼数, 流动会进入混沌状态.      

Flow induced noise calculations for non-axially distributed hydrophones in towed arrays

Two improvements are put forward on the analyses of flow induced noise in towed arrays. First, the differences between Corcos/Carpenter pressure fluctuation models have been discussed at length, as well as flow induced noise calculated with these two models. Second, flow induced noise received by the finite hydrophones distributed non-axially is discussed and the relevant power spectrum is deduced. The results show that there are some disparities between the wavenumber spectrums and the responses of flow induced noise of these two models. Flow induced noise is closely related with the tow speed, the tube radius and the off-axis distance. The numerical analyses with Carpenter model indicate that the power spectrum of flow induced noise will increase 24 dB approximately with the tow speed doubled, decrease with the radius of the tube, and increase with the off-axis distance. The tube radius and the off-axis distance have greater influence on the high-frequency components than on the low-frequency components.     

半绝缘GaAs光电导开关非线性电脉冲超快上升特性研究

利用流体模型对光生载流子的输运进行了模拟研究,结果表明载流子在输运过程中形成的光激发电荷畴是产生电脉冲超快上升特性的主要原因.对光激发电荷畴的形成和吸收过程的进一步研究表明：1)形成过程中的光激发电荷畴增强了电子的浓度梯度;2)光激发电荷畴在被阳极吸收的过程中,光电导开关偏置电压的快速下降能促进电流上升速度.光激发电荷畴的形成和吸收两大过程共同作用下,形成了电脉冲的超快上升特性. 关键词： 光电导开关 非线性模式 光激发电荷畴 上升时间     

基于石英柱模型的光子晶体光纤异常布里渊散射特性的理论研究

通过石英圆柱模型,理论研究了小芯径光子晶体光纤中混合声波模式的色散、模式耦合以及声光相互作用,理论计算出了布里渊散射增益系数谱的双峰结构及其随抽运光波长和温度的演化规律. 理论分析表明光子晶体光纤中布里渊散射增益系数谱的双峰结构源于小芯径光子晶体光纤中混合声波模式之间的模式耦合. 通过温度改变导致的材料参数变化对声波模式色散特性的影响,特别是声波模式耦合点的移动,解释了双峰结构随外界温度的变化规律. 并且,通过理论计算与实验结果的对比讨论了石英圆柱模型的局限性和适用范围. 关键词： 布里渊散射 声光相互作用 模式耦合 光子晶体光纤     

Cutoff characteristics of dielectric-filled circular holes embedded in dispersive plasmonic medium

The cutoff characteristics of dielectric-filled circular holes embedded in a dispersive plasmonic medium are investigated. Since two distinctive operating modes, surface plasmon polariton and circular waveguide modes, can exist in the slow and fast wave regions, respectively, the cutoff characteristics for each are separately investigated for linear and radial polarizations of the guided fields. As a result, the cutoff wavelengths for the linear and radial polarizations with very small subwavelength hole radii are found to be limited by the plasma resonance wavelength and plasma wavelength, which in turn are dependent and independent, respectively, of the dielectric constant of the dielectric filler material.     

Mode field converter based on embedded photonic crystal fiber

Six high-index cores are embedded around the central solid core of the photonic crystal fiber to form a fiber embedded photonic crystal fiber （FEPCF）, which is investigated based on the beam propagation method. In this structure, the Gaussian mode could be transferred to the ring mode. So FEPCF could used as a mode convertor.     

Research on performance of multicasting in optical packet switched networks

Different multicasting schemes in optical packet switched networks are discussed, including the parallel mode, serial mode, and hybrid mode multicasting schemes. Simulated modeling technique is applied to compare the network-level performance of the three multicasting schemes. A conclusion can be drawn from the results that since the hybrid-mode multicasting scheme can increase the multicast success ratio and reduce the packet retransmission times compared with the other two schemes, it is the best choice for delivering multicasting sessions in the optical packet switched networks.     

盖革模式下反偏压对雪崩光电二极管贯穿特性的影响

利用无源抑制技术,研究了盖革模式下雪崩光电二极管（APD）的电流一电压特性。发现光电流和暗电流的一个显著区别是暗电流不反映贯穿特性,这是光生栽流子和热载流子有不同统计分布的实验证据,也说明在盖革模式下,暗计数增加比光子探测效率增加更快的原因是由于载流子收集效率不同引起的。根据其贯穿特性适当选择盖革模式下APD的反偏压可提高单光子探测器的信噪比。