h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体能带特性研究

六方氮化硼(h-BN)晶格结构是一种类六方对称复式超晶格结构。具有h-BN晶格构型的光子晶体以其宽光子带隙特点受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文利用不同尺度低压气体放电管与Al₂O₃介质棒周期性排列,构建了新型h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体,实现其空间结构和等离子体参数的动态调控。利用微波透射谱对比研究了h-BN型超晶格与简单三角晶格等离子体光子晶体禁带位置、宽度和数目。分析了放电电流、介质棒阵列数对不同频段光子带隙的影响,以及电磁波入射角度对电磁传输特性的影响。结果表明：等离子体的引入不仅能够形成新的光子带隙,而且可以选择性地使部分禁带位置发生移动;相对于简单三角晶格,h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体呈现出更多光子带隙;Al₂O₃介质棒阵列数对等离子体光子晶体禁带位置、宽度和数目均具有重要影响。电磁波入射角度变化越大,电磁传输特性差别越显著,透射谱相关性越差。本文所设计的新型h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体为制作可调谐光子晶体提供了新的思路,在微波和太赫兹波控制领域具有潜在应用价值。     

尿液中的纳米微晶及其与尿石形成的关系

尿石症是一种世界范围的常见病和多发病,其主要的矿物成分为草酸钙(CaOxa)等[1-2]。但至今为止,尿石症形成过程中的许多化学及物理问题尚不清楚:尿液中的微晶是怎样生长和聚集?随后又是怎样黏附到尿路细胞膜上而形成结石?正常人与尿石患者尿液中微晶的数量和尺寸等存在什么样的     

用偏光织构及透射光谱分析液晶器件的老化

对一组台式计算器液晶显示器进行了光辐照,研究了光辐照对液晶显示器件显示品质的影响。采用偏光显微镜观察到了辐照后液晶的偏光织构的变化,液晶中出现了平行的条纹状织构和失去消光作用的黑洞,随着接受光辐照时间的增加,黑洞数量越来越多,面积越来越大。通过由计算机控制的双光束紫外-可见分光光度计测试了透射光谱的变化,发现其透射率随着接受光辐照时间的增加而降低。分析结果表明,条纹状织构和黑洞的出现是由于液晶分子结构在紫外线的照射下发生了变化所致,失去消光作用的黑洞是导致液晶器件透射率持续下降的主要原因。     

电子显微镜下的纳米世界

以高中阶段知识为基础,简述了扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等电镜技术的发展和基本原理,并以实际应用案例介绍了电镜技术在纳米科学领域的应用,最后给出了电镜技术的未来发展前景。     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ce,H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 Hollow Fibers

A series of Ce, H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers photocatalysts have been prepared by sol-gel method using ammonium ceric nitrate, H3PW12O40 and tetrabutyltitanate as precursors and cotton fibers as template, followed by calcination at 500 ℃ in N2 atmosphere for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption mea- surements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, surface structure, and optical absorption properties of the samples. The photo- catalytic performance of the samples has been studied by photodegradation phenol in water under UV and visible light irradiation. The results show that the TiO2 fiber materials have hollow structures, and the co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers exhibit higher photocatalytic activities for the degradation of phenol than un-doped, single-doped TiO2 hollow fibers under UV and visible light. In addition, the recyclability of co-doped TiO2 fibers is also confirmed that the TiO2 fiber retains ca. 90% of its activity after being used four times. It is shown that the co-doped TiO2 fibers can be activated by visible light and may be potentially applied to the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants. The synergistic effect of Ce and H3PW12O40 co-doping plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

Coking-resistant Ni-ZrO2/A1203 catalyst for CO methanation

Highly coke-resisting ZrO2-decorated Ni/A1203 catalysts for CO methanation were prepared by a two-step process. The support was first loaded with NiO by impregnating method and then modified with ZrO2 by deposition-precipitation method （IM-DP）. Nitrogen adsorption- desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetdc analysis, H2 temperature- programmed reduction and desorption, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and zeta potential analysis were employed to characterize the samples. The results revealed that, compared with the catalysts with the same composition prepared by co-impregnation （CI） and sequential impregnation （SI） methods, the Ni/A1203 catalyst prepared by IM-DP showed much enhanced catalytic performance for syngas methanation under the condition of atmospheric pressure and a high weight hourly space velocity of 120000 mL.g-1 .h-1. In a 80 h life time test under the condition of 300-600 ~C and 3.0 MPa, this catalyst showed high stability and resistance to coking, and the amount of deposited carbon was only 0.4 wt%. On the contrary, the deposited carbon over the catalyst without ZrO2 reached 1.5 wt% after a 60 h life time test. The improved catalytic performance was attributed to the selective deposition of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the surface of NiO rather than A1203, which could he well controlled via changing the electrostatic interaction in the DP procedure. This unique structure could enhance the dissociation of CO2 and generate surface oxygen intermediates, thus preventing carbon deposition on the Ni particles in syngas methanation.     

红树林湿地土壤矿物的分析

以湛江湾南海堤典型红树林湿地土壤为研究对象,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)快速批量鉴定土壤中矿物成分,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察土壤颗粒形貌特征并获得化学成分组成信息;同时采集附近光滩土壤样品进行对比研究,以揭示红树林湿地土壤特殊的生态环境特征。结果表明,红树林湿地土壤矿物主要由高岭石、石英、白云母、埃洛石、地开石和蛇纹石等组成;与光滩土壤相比,红树林湿地土壤矿物类型多样,而光滩土壤矿物相对单一,主要为石英和高岭石;红树林湿地土壤颗粒以片状聚合体为主,主要元素组成为C、O、S、Al、Si、Mg、Fe等,常见含有Cu、Zn、Mo等重金属元素。同时发现红树林湿地土壤颗粒含有较丰富的硫化物;而光滩土壤未发现上述特征,表明红树林湿地处于一个特殊的生态环境,土壤沉积物中富含有机质、Fe、S等,比一般潮滩更易于富集硫化物或重金属。     

电化学聚合吡咯/噻吩导电共聚物纳米纤维阵列及其表征

导电聚合物因其具有良好的空气稳定性、电化学成膜性和导电性等特点,在二次电池、电色显示及固体电容器等方面都有诱人的应用前景.近年来人们研究导电聚合物的纳米结构时发现,由于超分子效应,纳米纤维中聚合物链会以平行于纤维轴向为优先取向,这种优先取向使导电聚合物纳米纤维的电导率比块材有极大提高.     

钪对Al—6Mg—Zr合金焊接抗腐蚀的影响

采用中性盐雾试验和剥落腐蚀等方法研究了微量稀土元素Sc对Al—6Mg—Zr合金焊接接头耐蚀性能的影响，并用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察合金焊接接头的微观组织、探讨其腐蚀机理。结果表明，添加了Sc元素后的Al—6Mg—Sc—Zr合金焊接接头比Al—6Mg—Zr合金具有更好的耐蚀性能。研究认为，添加Sc元素能有效地细化晶粒，形成的Al3(Sc，Zr)第二杷能强烈地阻止位错和亚晶界的运动，提高了合金的再结晶温度，从而使合金组织中的β(Mg5Al8，Mg2Al3)沉淀相分布均匀、呈弥散分布，最终使合金的腐蚀敏感性降低。     

近红外光谱快速测定红花逆流提取过程中羟基红花黄色素A的含量

采用近红外光谱(NIRS)透射法对红花罐组式逆流提取过程中羟基红花黄色素A(Hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA)的含量进行快速无损的测定.在红花逆流提取过程中,以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)为对照分析方法,测定提取液中羟基红花黄色素A的含量,运用偏最小二乘(PLS)法建立NIR光谱与羟基红花黄色素A的HPLC分析值之间多元校正模型,并对逆流提取过程的未知样本进行含量预测.校正模型相关系数达到0.982,预测相关系数达到0.965,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为0.053和0.075,RSEC和RSEP分别为3.96%和5.25%.结果表明,NIRS可以作为一种准确、快速、无损的检测方法用于检测中药逆流提取过程有效成分含量变化规律.