在RHIC和LHC中光子-核子碰撞产生的大横动量双轻子

研究了RHIC和LHC能区的Au-Au和Pb-Pb周边重离子碰撞中,来自光子-核子相互作用产生的大横动量双轻子。利用微扰QCD 参数化和Weizs?cker-Williams近似计算了双轻子的产率。经过与领头阶和碎裂过程的双轻子产生数值计算结果相比较,光-核碰撞过程产生的大横动量双轻子在RHIC能区是可忽略的。但是在LHC能区,光-核碰撞在大横动量区域是周边重离子碰撞的一个重要的双轻子源。     

高温高压密闭消解-ICP-MS测定垃圾焚烧残渣中重金属及稀土元素

采用高温高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了垃圾焚烧残渣中的Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Cd, Ba和Pb共9种重金属元素及Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd等16项稀土元素的含量。实验确定密闭消解罐中,以HF-HNO₃-HCl(1∶2∶1)三元混酸体系于185℃烘箱中12 h可完全消解垃圾焚烧残渣样品,同时对ICP-MS测试工作条件(包括雾室温度、雾化气流速、辅助气流速、冷却气体流速、采样深度等)进行了优化。采用Rh为内标元素进行信号漂移校正和基体补偿,得到25种分析元素标准曲线的线性相关系数(r)大于0.999 9,方法检出限在0.001～1.01 ng·g^-1,样品分析测试的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.5%(n=3)。测试结果表明本次分析的垃圾焚烧残渣样品中Cr, Cu, Zn, Zr, Cd, Ba和Pb元素含量偏高,其中Pb含量高达(1 459±8) mg·kg^-1,稀土元素平均总量为(199±2) mg·kg^-1,整体呈下降趋势,并显示相...     

基于能量转移的稀土上转换发光复合体系检测过氧亚硝酸根

采用热分解法制备得到核壳双层结构的稀土上转换发光纳米粒子(UCNP)。通过表面活性剂的软模板法制备了SiO₂包覆的蛋黄-壳(yolk-shell)结构稀土纳米粒子YSUCNP,介孔SiO₂包裹层赋予稀土纳米粒子YSUCNP亲水性。利用荧光探针NOF2功能化稀土纳米粒子YSUCNP,得到具有过氧亚硝酸根(ONOO-)响应能力的复合检测体系YSUCNP-NOF2。该体系能够在纯水体系中实现发光能量转移的ONOO-上转换发光检测。利用稀土上转换纳米材料的近红外激发优势,在细胞层次实现了ONOO-的上转换发光成像检测。     

所见皆是的元素铈

铈是稀土资源中储量最高的元素，具有独特的物理和化学性质，能与其他物质组成品种繁多、性能各异的铈基新材料，广泛应用于冶金、石油化工、机械、轻工、环境保护、农业、军工等领域，是新能源、新兴产业、先进装备制造业等高新技术产业不可或缺的重要组成部分，有着广阔的应用前景。介绍了铈在冶金、发光与发火材料、玻璃与陶瓷工业、抛光粉、催化领域等与生产生活密切相关的领域中的应用。     

轻掺杂硅基神经电极的光噪声消减

Silicon-based neural probes are practical tools for recording neural cell firing. A single silicon-based needle with a width of only 70 μm, prepared using the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process technology, can contain thousands of electrode-recording sites. Optogenetics has made control over neuronal activity more precise. By recording the electrical activity of neurons stimulated by light, more information about brain activity can be recorded and analyzed. When yellow light or blue light is used to stimulate neurons, the photon energy is greater than the forbidden bandwidth of the silicon substrate, and the valence-band electrons are excited to the conduction band, generating electron-hole pairs. The photoinduced carrier in the silicon substrate severely disrupts the probe's signal-to-noise ratio. Decreasing the disturbance caused by light is a pragmatic way to execute recording and stimulating simultaneously. The traditional noise reduction method involves using heavily doped silicon as the substrate, reducing the carrier life by increasing the impurity concentration, and then reducing the noise of the silicon electrode under illumination. However, the heavily doped silicon substrate has more lattice defects than its lightly doped counterparts, which makes the silicon electrode fragile, and this method is not compatible with the standard CMOS process technology. On analyzing the photoinduced noise mechanism of manufacturing electrodes on lightly doped silicon substrates, we found that the inhomogeneous distribution of carriers generated by light excitation polarizes lightly doped silicon substrates. The potential caused by photoinduced polarization will affect the electrodes fabricated on it. Metalizing and grounding the lightly doped silicon substrate will effectively decrease the polarization potential. On using this method, the noise amplitude caused by the illumination can drop to 0.87% of the original value. To ensure an appropriate firing rate of neurons, the photo-stimulation frequency was chosen to be 20 Hz. Under the illumination of 1 mW·mm^-2, the background noise of the electrode could be controlled below 45 μV, which meets the needs for general optogenetics applications. Modification of the lightly doped silicon substrate will meet the requirements of the neural electrode for optogenetics applications. Unlike the traditional method of reducing light-induced noise by heavily doping the entire substrate, the noise reduction method of lightly doped silicon substrate is compatible with the standard CMOS process technology. It provides a noise cancellation method for the preparation of silicon-based neural microelectrodes with dense recording sites and high channel count using standard CMOS processes.     

《稀土元素及其分析化学》

该书详述了稀土元素的基本性质、稀土化合物的性质与合成、稀土化学反应的基本原理与应用以及稀土分析化学的基本知识。全书内容包括稀土元素的电子结构和镧系收缩,磁学和光学性质,各价态化合物的性质、制备、分析及分析方     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定煤灰中痕量稀土元素

煤灰是稀土等战略性关键金属资源的重要资源来源之一,目前国内外尚未建立煤中稀土元素的标准分析方法。相比其他类型的传统稀土矿产,煤灰基体组成更为复杂。针对现有酸湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测试煤灰中稀土元素存在的前处理效率低、质谱干扰及其消除方法繁琐复杂、测试结果不够准确等问题,提出一种基于石墨消解-(动态反应池)电感耦合等离子串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)的煤灰中微量稀土元素快速、准确测定含量的方法。通过比较不同消解体系(硝酸、硝酸-盐酸、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸)与消解温度(100、 140、 180℃)对测试结果的影响,发现以硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸为消解介质、 140℃温度条件下煤灰消解效果最好,氢氟酸的加入可以显著提升稀土提取效率,二次加水消解赶去HF避免了难溶氟化物的生成及HF对质谱测试的不利影响。ICP-MS/MS测定过程中分别将Rh、 Re元素作为内标在线加入补偿基体效应,通过对比无气体质量原位模式(M-SQ-N/A)、氦气碰撞和动能歧视模式(M-SQ-KED)、氧气质量转移模式(M-TQ-O₂)、氨气质量转移模式(M-TQ-NH<...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素北大核心CSCD

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg^(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg^(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。