超高效液相色谱法测定餐饮油烟中的十五种醛酮

采用在流动相中添加四氢呋喃的方法来改善丙烯醛-2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)和丙酮-DNPH的分离,然后优化流动相比例和梯度,确定了UPLC分析醛酮-DNPH的色谱条件。有机溶剂消耗量和分析时间分别是传统方法的1/20~1/10和12%~30%;工作曲线线性相关系数、方法检出限和测定下限均满足HJ683-2014的规定;UPLC法测定醛酮的2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生物的平均回收率为91.5%~101%。基于常规的超高效反向C18色谱柱,在40℃条件下建立了高效分离醛酮混标的UPLC方法,方法已用于测定餐饮油烟中醛酮类化合物。     

分子荧光-基于主成分分析优化输入变量的径向基函数神经网络法测定尿液中的诺氟沙星

将主成分分析用于优化径向基函数神经网络的输入变量,用于提高神经网络模型的预测能力。方法能有效地解决分子荧光光谱法测定尿液中诺氟沙星过程中尿液中内源性荧光物质的干扰。在优化条件下,径向基函数神经网络模型对尿液中诺氟沙星的平均预测误差为15.34%,神经网络结构为2∶3∶1。方法已用于测定尿液中的诺氟沙星。     

色谱-串联质谱法测定双氧水工作液中的降解物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定双氧水工作液中降解物的分析方法。样品用乙腈溶解后,采用ACCHROM C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相体系,梯度洗脱,流速0.3 m L/min,柱温30℃,紫外检测波长254 nm;质谱采用电离子喷雾正离子模式检测。结果表明,双氧水工作液中有4种明显的降解物,采用面积归一法计算该4种降解物含量占降解物总量的80%以上;其它一些含量较低的降解物也能定性分析出。实验还采用了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)分析双氧水工作液,两种分析方法的结果能相互印证和互补,表明用色谱-串联质谱法能准确、全面地测定双氧水工作液中降解物,能为蒽醌法生产双氧水的企业对工作液中降解物的抑制和脱除提供参考。     

一种加拿大深度抽吸条件下烟草特有亚硝胺的检测方法

本发明是在加拿大深度抽吸条件下,采用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱联用法测定烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs),属于一种烟草特有亚硝胺检测方法。本方法是在加拿大深度抽吸条件下抽吸卷烟后,往捕集卷烟烟气总粒相物的滤片中加入含内标物的乙酸铵水溶液,超声提取后,取1~2 m L萃取液,过0.22μm有机滤膜,用UPLC–MS/MS仪分析TSNAs,根据组分峰和同位素内标物峰的面积比定量。本发明的检测方法可用于加拿大深度抽吸条件下检测烤烟型和混合型卷烟主流烟气中的TSNAs,具有前处理简单、定量准确、仪器分析速度快、检出限低、样品处理通量高等优点。     

孔雀石绿分子印迹表面等离子共振传感器的制备及分析应用

利用表面等离子共振(SPR)光谱,结合分子印迹技术,制备了孔雀石绿分子印迹SPR传感器,建立了检测孔雀石绿的分析方法。探讨了pH值对分子印迹膜吸附特性的影响,并在最佳pH下对其吸附选择性进行了考察。研究结果表明,与相应非印迹传感膜相比,孔雀石绿印迹传感膜对孔雀石绿具有较高的吸附选择性能。该方法测定河水及河泥中孔雀绿的线性范围为8.0×10-10~1.0×10-8 mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为8.83×10-11 mol/L和1.55×10-10 mol/L,平均回收率分别为91.97%和93.88%,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%和2.1%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度高、重复性好等特点,适用于河水和河泥中孔雀石绿的测定。     

葡萄糖分子印迹电化学传感器的研制及其应用

本文结合分子印迹技术与电化学检测手段,制备了高选择性、高灵敏度和价格低廉的分子印迹电化学传感器,并利用该传感器对食品中的葡萄糖进行定量分析。由于该分子印迹膜为非导电膜,本实验以铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾离子作为底液与电极之间的探针并通过铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾氧化还原电流信号的变化来对葡萄糖浓度进行间接测定。实验结果表明,在0.01~2μmol/L的范围内,葡萄糖浓度的变化与铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾氧化还原电流信号变化呈线性关系,检出限为7.68×10-9 mol/L。该传感器的制备和测量方法简单,可用于实际样品的检测。     

中温热解焦油重馏分悬浮床加氢裂化的研究

以中温热解煤焦油为原料,对其性质进行了分析,其中,350℃重质馏分中胶质含量30.88%,沥青质含量37.27%,四氢呋喃不溶物3.36%,属于常规固定床加氢裂化难以直接处理的馏分。合成了一种Mo系超分散催化剂,采用FT-IR、XPS、XRD、SEM和TEM等对催化剂进行了表征,催化剂中含有Mo=O和Mo-S特征结构,活性金属的硫化率为84.34%,在体系中具有优良的分散性,在反应体系内原位分解为超分散MoS_2颗粒;在0.25 t/d连续装置上进行了热解重油悬浮床加氢裂化实验研究,考察了反应条件对产物分布情况和结焦率的影响,得出适宜的反应条件为19 MPa,440℃,催化剂的添加量为300 mg/kg;此条件下石脑油收率24.47%,柴油馏分收率49.71%,结焦率1.32%。     

Rh^Ⅱ/Zn^Ⅱ接力催化不对称[4+3]环加成反应

串联环化及环加成反应是合成具有复杂多环骨架化合物的重要手段[1].重氮酰胺类化合物可发生分子内环化生成isomünchnone中间体,作为1,3-偶极子中间体和亲偶极子发生环加成反应,构建含氧桥环骨架的化合物(Scheme1)[2].金属铑(Ⅱ)催化剂能够与重氮酰胺化合物生成铑卡宾中间体,通过羰基官能团分子内进攻铑卡宾生成isomünchnone中间体,然后和双键或叁键发生串联环化反应,形成氧桥环骨架.     

单分子电导测量技术及其影响因素

Molecular electronics is an important field for the application of nanotechnologies with an ultimate goal of building functional devices using single molecules or molecular arrays to realize the same functionality as macroscopic devices. To attain this goal, reliable techniques for measuring and manipulating electron transfer processes through single molecules are essential. There are various techniques and many environmental factors influencing single-molecule electronic conductance measurements. In this review, we first provide a detailed introduction and classification of the current well-accepted techniques in this field for measuring single-molecule conductance. All available techniques are summarized into two categories: the fixed junction technique and break junction technique. The break junction technique involves repeatedly forming and breaking molecular junctions by mechanically controlling a pair of electrodes moving into and out of contact in the presence of target molecules. Single-molecule conductance can be determined from the conductance plateaus that appear in typical conductance decay traces when molecules bind two electrodes during their separation process. In contrast, the fixed junction technique is to fix the distance between a pair of electrodes and measure the conductance fluctuations when a single molecule binds the two electrodes stochastically. Both techniques comprise different application methods and have been employed preferentially by different groups. Specific features of both techniques and their intrinsic advantages are compared and summarized in Section 4.     

常见客体分子对笼型水合物晶格常数的影响

Natural gas hydrates are considered as ideal alternative energy resources for the future, and the relevant basic and applied research has become more attractive in recent years. The influence of guest molecules on the hydrate crystal lattice parameters is of great significances to the understanding of hydrate structural characteristics, hydrate formation/decomposition mechanisms, and phase stability behaviors. In this study, we test a series of artificial hydrate samples containing different guest molecules (e.g. methane, ethane, propane, iso-butane, carbon dioxide, tetrahydrofuran, methane + 2, 2-dimethylbutane, and methane + methyl cyclohexane) by a low-temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Results show that PXRD effectively elucidates structural characteristics of the natural gas hydrate samples, including crystal lattice parameters and structure types. The relationships between guest molecule sizes and crystal lattice parameters reveal that different guest molecules have different controlling behaviors on the hydrate types and crystal lattice constants. First, a positive correlation between the lattice constants and the van der Waals diameters of homologous hydrocarbon gases was observed in the single-guest-component hydrates. Small hydrocarbon homologous gases, such as methane and ethane, tended to form sI hydrates, whereas relatively larger molecules, such as propane and iso-butane, generated sⅡ hydrates. The hydrate crystal lattice constants increased with increasing guest molecule size. The types of hydrates composed of oxygen-containing guest molecules (such as CO₂ and THF) were also controlled by the van der Waals diameters. However, no positive correlation between the lattice constants and the van der Waals diameters of guest molecules in hydrocarbon hydrates was observed for CO₂ hydrate and THF hydrate, probably due to the special interactions between the guest oxygen atoms and hydrate "cages". Furthermore, the influences of the macromolecules and auxiliary small molecules on the lengths of the different crystal axes of the sH hydrates showed inverse trends. Compared to the methane + 2, 2-dimethylbutane hydrate sample, the length of the a-axis direction of the methane + methyl cyclohexane hydrate sample was slightly smaller, whereas the length of the c-axis direction was slightly longer. The crystal a-axis length of the sH hydrate sample formed with nitrogen molecules was slightly longer, whereas the c-axis was shorter than that of the methane + 2, 2-dimethylbutane hydrate sample at the same temperature.