太阳系起源时间的最早科学推算

 一些读者可能记得曾经有过这样的报导:大约一九八二年四、五月间,九大行星都运行到太阳一侧,而且几乎全集中到大约九十度的一个角度内。这当然是相当罕见的事件。但鉴于九大行星以不同的速度绕太阳运行,这种事件迟早会出现的。如果知道了九大行星的运行周期及它们目前的位置,可以预测多少年以后会有这样的事件发生。 值得注意的是,早在两千年以前,我们的祖先就进行过类似的推算,并据此来计算太阳系的起源时间。 在西汉中期,有一本叫作《命历序》的纬书出现。纬书是一种讲迷信的书。     

On the discovery of the cycle-axiom of hypergraphs

In this paper, the path through which the cycle axiom of hypergraphs was discovered will be retraced. The long process of discovery will be described, in particular how acyclic hypergraphs originated from the study of relational database schemes and how cycles of hypergraphs originated from the study of acyclic hypergraphs.     

小棋盘大乾坤

1 问题情境围棋起源于公元前2000年的古代中国.从古代“井田制”到现代各种管、线、路的立体网络,再到虚拟如互联网络无不与棋盘世界相关.棋盘上最短走法问题是趣味数学问题常见问题,具有很好的教育功能.也是教材和教学实际的重要题材.要解决棋盘网络问题还得从数学入手.     

生命科学中的物理问题讲座 第二讲 生命起源中的对称性破缺

生命起源中的对称性破缺－分子的手性是生物学中长期困惑不解的难题。自然界中组成蛋白质的氨基酸几乎都是Ｌ型。最近萨拉姆提出，由于Ｚ＾０相互作用结合玻色凝聚态理论，在某临界低温有可能引起氨基酸由Ｄ向Ｌ型的二级相变，并通过非线性化学动力学将对称破缺放大。     

Can Higgs Field Have a Cosmological Origin？

A proposal of the cosmological origin of Higgs particles is given.We show that the Higgs field could be created from the vacuum quantum conformal fluctuation(VQCF) of Anti-de Sitter space-time,the spontaneous breaking of vacuum symmetry and the mass of Higgs particle are related to the cosmological constant of our universe,especially the theoretical estimated mass mφ of Higgs particles is mφ=√-2μ^2=√|Λ|/π.It seems that the Higgs particles with masses in GeV range may be the relics of the VQCF Of Anti-de sitter space in inflational phase of our very early universe.     

探索宇宙的起源——2006年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

John C．Mather和George F．Smoor因为发现宇宙微波背景辐射的黑体形式和各向异性而分享2006年度诺贝尔物理学奖．论文中从COBE卫星而来的详尽的观测报告推动了现代宇宙学的发展，使其成为一门精确科学．     

Hidden Symmetries for Thermodynamics and Emergence of Relativity

Erik Verlinde recently proposed an idea about the thermodynamic origin of gravity. Though this is a beautiful idea, which may resolve many long standing problems in the theories of gravity, it also raises many other problems. In this article I will comment on some of the problems of Verlinde＇s proposal with special emphasis on the thermodynamical origin of the principle of relativity. It is found that there is a large group of hidden symmetries of thermodynamics, which contains the Poincare group of the spacetime for which space is emergent. This explains the thermodynamic origin of the principle of relativity.     

宇宙线研究进展评述与展望

近年来,宇宙线探测技术发展迅速,天基和地基宇宙线实验均取得了多项重要成果,打破了宇宙线研究领域多年来的沉寂.多手段复合观测是精确测量宇宙线能谱和成分的必要途径,甚高能伽玛射线天文学成为探索宇宙线起源这一世纪之谜的最有效手段.高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)计划将以最高的超高能伽玛射线探测灵敏度和甚高能伽玛射线巡天灵敏度以及最宽的宇宙线能量覆盖范围探索领域的基本问题.     

High-mobility two-dimensional electron gases at oxide interfaces： Origin and opportunities

Our recent experimental work on metallic and insulating interfaces controlled by interfacial redox reactions in SrTiO3-based heterostructures is reviewed along with a more general background of two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)at oxide interfaces.Due to the presence of oxygen vacancies at the SrTiO3surface,metallic conduction can be created at room temperature in perovskite-type interfaces when the overlayer oxide ABO3has Al,Ti,Zr,or Hf elements at the B sites.Furthermore,relying on interface-stabilized oxygen vacancies,we have created a new type of 2DEG at the heterointerface between SrTiO3and a spinelγ-Al2O3epitaxial film with compatible oxygen ion sublattices.This 2DEG exhibits an electron mobility exceeding 100000 cm2·V 1·s 1,more than one order of magnitude higher than those of hitherto investigated perovskite-type interfaces.Our findings pave the way for the design of high-mobility all-oxide electronic devices and open a route toward the studies of mesoscopic physics with complex oxides.     

宇宙起源梗概

2007年5月14日《长江日报》报道,宇宙的年龄约为137亿岁。赵峥的《黑洞与弯曲的时空》第127页中不加推导地说宇宙是从极小尺度10^-35m和极高温度10^32K大爆炸形成的,……。这是怎么回事？这些都涉及“宇宙起源”问题。“宇宙起源”既是一个古老的问题,也是当今自然科学的前沿之一,更是一个复杂深奥的理论问题。盛传20世纪20年代,只有两人能理解广义相对论,而今百万人能理解其梗概（参考霍金：《时间简史》p167）。