高比能锂离子电池高电压电解液的设计

自便携式电子设备以及电动汽车问世后,锂离子电池储能设备已经难以满足当前的生活与生产需求.锂离子电池作为商业储能设备市场的主要占有者,正朝着更高的能量密度、更长久的使用寿命以及更高的安全性能等方向发展.虽然通过提高锂离子电池的截止电压可以达到提升电池重量密度和体积密度的效果,但电池体系在高电压下将非常不稳定,这将导致锂离子电池的循环性能迅速衰减.同时,大量的电解液分解产物的堆积,导致电池的界面阻抗上升.另一方面,气体的生成形成了电池的安全隐患.本文针对高电压电解液的溶剂设计和电解液添加剂设计两个方面,回顾了过去一段时间里高电压电解液的发展.根据当前的理论研究基础,提出了高比能锂离子电池电解液的设计重心和未来该领域的主要研究方向.     

锌电解液中痕量钴的示波极谱法测定

利用Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）－丁二酮肟（ＤＭＧ）体系,已建立了一些测钴的高灵敏极谱法,但选择性不高。不经预处理能直接用于复杂锌电解液中痕量钴测定的极谱法,国内尚未报道。本文对丁二酮肟－焦磷酸钾－氯化铵底液中Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）催化波形成的最佳条件进行了研究,提出了直接快速测定锌电解液中痕量钴的新方法。１　主要仪器与试剂ＪＰ－２型示波极谱仪,雷磁２５型ｐＨ计。ＤＭＧ乙醇溶液（质量浓度４ｇ／Ｌ）;焦磷酸钾溶液（２．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）;氯化铵溶液（２．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）;明胶（质量浓度１ｇ／Ｌ）;钴标准贮备液（质量浓度１００…     

PP14TFSI离子液体在可充镁电池电解液的应用

制备了可充镁电池电解质苯酚基镁盐,以四氢呋喃（THF）与N-甲基-N-丁基-哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰胺（PP14TFSI）离子液体混合物代替四氢呋喃作为该电解质的溶剂. 当THF与PP₁₄TFSI体积配比为1:1时,该苯酚基镁盐电解液镁可逆溶出性能最佳,电化学窗口宽（2.7 V vs. Mg）,离子电导率高（7.77 mS·cm^-1）. 此外,热重测试表明离子液体的加入大大降低了THF溶剂的挥发性,提高了可充镁电池的安全性能. 四氢呋喃 + N-甲基-N-丁基-哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰胺混合溶剂有望作为可充镁电池电解液的首选溶剂.     

MH—Ni电池低温性能的研究

从合金组成及电解液组份研究了ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池的低温性能，确定了适宜的合金组成和电解液组成。     

Effect of Coulomb Interaction on the Isospin Fractionation Process

We studied the effect of Coulomb interaction on the isospin fractionation in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions by using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The calculated results show that Coulomb interaction induces the reduction of the isospin fractionation process with the evolutions of neutronproton ratio and mass of system. Because Coulomb interaction is repulsive for the proton, more binding protons become free, which produces the neutron-poor gas phase and neutron-rich liquid phase, compared to the neutronproton ratio of the system. The isospin fractionation degree is weakened by the Coulomb term. In contrast, the symmetry potential is repulsive for neutrons and attractive for protons in the neutron-rich system, and then the binding neutrons more than the protons become free, which produces a neutron-rich gas phase and neutron-poor liquid phase, so that the isospin fractionation degree is increased. The competition between the effects from the Coulomb interaction and the symmetry potential induces the reduction of the isospin fractionation degree for all the system masses. The properties for the sensitive dependence of isospin fractionation degree on the symmetry potential and weak dependence on the nucleon-nucleon cross section are preserved for all the neutron-rich systems.     

溴邻苯三酚红修饰碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定痕量锑

研制了溴邻苯三酚红(BPR)作修饰剂的碳糊修饰电极,并采用所制备的电极做工作电极建立了测定锑的方法。测定了电活性络合物的组成,并探讨了电极反应机理。该方法已用于锌电解液中痕量锑的测定,结果满意,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L。     

金属铝燃料电池的研究

铝是一种丰富廉价的有色金属,金属铝电池作为一种新型燃料电池,具有低成本、无毒害、高功率、高能量密度等优点.本文简述了金属铝电池的工作原理,并对铝阳极、空气阴极、催化剂、电解液和铝燃料电池的应用等方面的研究概况进行了叙述.     

Organic Photovoltaic Properties Based on Oligothiophenes

Organic photovoltaic devices have attracted a great attention because of their light weight and processability, and the ease of material design on the molecular level. There are a number of reports on organic photovoltaic devices using a variety of dyes1-…