高活性硫化铅电极的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极.通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件.以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池.光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能.与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因.     

Synthesis and Ionic Conductivity of Network Polymer Electrolytes with Internal Plasticizers

Network polymer electrolytes with free oligo(oxyethylene) chains as internal plasticizers were prepared by cross-linking poly(ethylene glycol) acrylates. The effects of salt concentration and properties of internal plasticizers on ionic conductivity were studied.     

毛细管电泳法快速检测饮用水中的常见阴离子

用毛细管电泳法快速检测饮用水中常见的阴离子,并对几种电解液进行了对比试验,试验结果表明,以TTAOH(十四烷基三甲基氢氧化胺)作电渗流改进剂,pH 9.1的电解液检测效果为最佳;该方法所检离子线性相关系数均在0.999以上.     

弱旋湍流火焰合成纳米二氧化钛的机理研究

湍流效应在火焰合成纳米TiO2颗粒工业化规模放大中具有重要影响.本文基于一种内加环形旋流片的弱旋火焰开展了合成TiO2纳米颗粒的实验研究.对于内径12 mm管式燃烧器,加入旋片后火焰贫燃极限大幅度降低16%～33%,火焰高度也从9.0 cm减少到3.0 cm,焰区温度约减少20%～30%.研究表明,弱旋湍流火焰具有流速大、可燃当最比低和温度低的特点,使其相对无旋火焰可以合成粒径较小、烧结程度较低的TiO2纳米颗粒.     

基于示差脉冲伏安法检测高纯铟电解液中铟离子

采用恒电位沉积法在玻碳电极上制备原位铋膜电极,利用循环伏安法、电化学交流阻抗探究玻碳电极和原位铋膜电极表面的电化学行为。对缓冲液pH、铋离子浓度、富集时间及电位等实验条件进行优化,利用示差脉冲伏安法实现高纯铟电解液中铟离子（In3+）的检测,In3+的溶出峰电流值和其浓度在0.6～2 mg/L范围呈线性关系,线性方程为c=0.061I+0.093,相关系数（R2）为0.998。在NaCl和明胶存在下,该方法仍能够有效地检测高纯铟电解液中In3+浓度。     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

贫电子环丙烷衍生物与苯硫酚的反应研究

顺-1乙酰基-2-对位取代苯基-6,6-二甲基-5,7-二氧-螺-[2,5]4,8-辛二酮(1a～ld)与苯硫酚(2)在封管中100℃反应得β-乙酰基-r-苯硫基-r-对位取代苯基丁酸苯硫酯(3a～3d),当反应物为1a时,还同时得到α-苯硫羰基-β-乙酰基-r-对甲苯基-r-丁酸内酯(4)。     

硅酸凝胶电解液对铅酸蓄电池电学性能的影响

<正> 近年来,各种小型铅-酸蓄电池在国外相继问世。其中胶体电池,是采用硅酸凝胶电解液的电池,它具有不渗酸、不漏液,没有酸雾逸出等优点。可应用于家用电器,小型计算机,医疗器械,通讯设备等各个领域,它的性能取决于硅酸凝胶的性质及其对电极过程的影响。硅酸凝胶对铅-酸蓄电池     

MH－Ni电池低温性能的研究

从合金组成及电解液组份研究了ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池的低温性能,确定了适宜的合金组成和电解液组成。