改性HY型分子筛对废塑料油轻质化的影响

以HY分子筛和硝酸盐[M(NO3)2,M=Ni,Zr,Ca和Ce]为原料,通过浸渍法制得改性HY型分子筛(M/HY)催化剂,其结构和性能经XRD,比表面积,IR和SEM表征。考察了M/HY催化重质油轻质化的效果,结果表明,稀土金属的添加使重质油转化率得到了提高,平均转化率均在40%以上。从总选择性以及类汽油选择性来看,其中Ni/HY活性较好,类汽油选择性平均值为53.98%,最高达72.56%,选择性均优于HY分子筛(21.32%)。     

二乙基铍与二叔丁基铍热解机理的理论计算

考虑了各种可能的自由基和多渡态裂解反应通道,采用分子体系第一性原理计算研究了二乙基铍与二叔丁基铍单分子热解机理．分别用B3LYP、CCSD(T)和G3B3研究了分子裂解反应的势能面,给出了各反应物、产物和过渡态的几何结构、振动频率和相对能量．结果显示从热力学角度,对于上述两个分子,其主要的热解均是通过协同消除的过渡态反应而进行的．分析了这两个分子热解势能面的差 异,并计算了相关反应通道的反应焓变和反应速率常数．     

基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定减肥保健食品中20种违禁添加药物

建立了测定减肥保健食品中20种违禁添加药物(芬氟拉明、苯丙醇胺、西布曲明、舍曲林、利莫那班、安非他酮、西酞普兰、氟西汀、苯氟雷司、托吡酯、唑尼沙胺、咖啡因、酚酞、大黄素、吲达帕胺、布美他尼、托拉塞米、三氨喋啶、奥利司他、苯乙双胍)的基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱分析方法。不同类型的样品经乙醇-丙酮(7∶3,V/V)超声提取后,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、十八烷基硅烷(ODS)净化,以Waters Atlantis T3柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)分离,采用HPLC/MS/MS电喷雾电离,多反应监测模式检测,以保留时间和子离子比进行定性分析,外标法进行定量分析。20种减肥药物的检出限为0.05~3.0 mg/kg,在不同添加水平范围内的回收率为67.1%~101.4%,日内精密度均小于10%,日间精密度均小于15%。本方法分析速度快,适用于减肥保健食品的实际检验工作。     

高熔点蜡合成技术的研究进展

High-melting hydrocarbon waxes (melting point: > 80 ℃), consisting of saturated alkanes with carbon numbers greater than 40, exhibit unique features including high melting points, high stability, low penetration, high viscosity, as well as good wear resistance and hardness. These features make high-melting waxes suitable for use in foods, cosmetics, materials processing, electronic machinery, national defense, aviation, medical fields, etc. Considering the fast growth of technology and the electronics industry, the world's economy relies on the production and utilization of high-quality high-melting waxes. However, most waxes in the world's current markets are prepared from mineral oils, and such commercial waxes have melting points in the range of 50–70 ℃. Considering the rapid consumption of high-melting waxes and specialty waxes, their supply insufficiency is anticipated to exceed 700000 t. High-melting waxes are divided into polyethylene (PE) wax and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) wax, based on synthesis methodology. PE wax can be obtained via the polymerization of ethylene and can also be prepared via the thermal or catalytic cracking of plastics. PE cracking to form waxes, with the advantage of low cost, can effectively solve the problem of "white pollution" and make use of existing catalytic cracking units. However, this process results in high energy consumption to achieve waste polymer depolymerization and exhibits some drawbacks, such as a wide carbon number distribution and high impurity content in the obtained PE waxes. However, there are some new methods for synthesizing PE waxes, such as cross alkane metathesis. The FTS, which uses carbon monoxide and hydrogen as raw materials, realizes the synthesis of waxes through carbon chain growth. Although the high-melting FTS waxes display excellent performance and the technology is gradually maturing, FTS waxes with different melting points are produced by rectification of products with various carbon chain lengths. Nonetheless, PE and FTS waxes are widely used in various industries because of their excellent properties. However, their synthesis is based on petroleum and coal-derived chemical products. Biomass-derived waxes have a narrow melting range due to their precise carbon chain growth process. Based on different application demands, small biomass platform molecules can be functionalized to fabricate biomass-derived waxes with special functions. More importantly, the biomass-based synthesis route is sustainable and in-line with the global values for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. This review discusses the recent advances in the synthesis techniques for high-melting waxes, including PE waxes, FTS waxes, and biomass-derived waxes. Furthermore, the catalysts and reaction mechanisms involved in the synthesis of high-melting waxes are discussed in detail. Finally, the perspectives and trends of high-melting waxes are reviewed to promote the emergence of new processes and technical routes.      

钾改性对Au/ZSM-5催化剂上正丁烷裂解性能的影响

采用负压沉积沉淀法制备了负载型Au/HZSM-5催化剂,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、Ｘ射线光电子能谱（XPS）、NH3-TPD、紫外可见漫反射（UV-vis）等技术对催化剂进行了表征分析,并考察了催化剂对正丁烷裂解性能的影响。结果表明,Au金属成功负载到HZSM-5催化剂上,并且金颗粒的尺寸受负载量的影响,其中1.0%Au/HZSM-5催化剂中的金颗粒粒径最小,约为5～10nm。钾离子作为一种碱性离子可以调节载体酸性,随着K离子的引入xK-Au/HZSM-5催化剂的酸性逐渐降低,使Au0的电子结合能更高。相对于HZSM-5,2.0Au/HZSM-5催化剂对于正丁烷的转化率从13.1%提升到了37.5%,对丙烯的选择性从17.2%提升到了52.5%。随着K离子的引入,催化剂对于丁烯以及异丁烷的选择性有所提高,当K离子负荷为0.08%时,对丁烯的选择性从3.8%提高到36.9%,负荷为0.1%时,对异丁烷的选择性由2.8%提升到51.8%。但原料转化率低于2.0Au/HZSM-5,这可能与K的加入降低催化剂酸改性有关。此外通过研究Au/HZSM-5用K+修饰得知Au+离子是Au/HZSM-5催化剂转化正丁烷主要活性中心。     

ZnAPO-5分子筛的合成、表征及正己烷催化裂解反应活性

采用静态水热法合成了含有不同锌含量的锌铝磷酸盐分子筛（ZnAPO-5）,利用XRD、SEM、N2-吸附、MAS-NMR及ICP-AES等方法对合成的ZnAPO-5分子筛进行了表征。研究结果表明在选定的合成条件下,可以合成出AFI结构类型的ZnAPO-5分子筛,合成的ZnAPO-5分子筛结晶度较高,具有规整的六方棱柱晶体外形,杂原子同晶取代为锌取代骨架元素铝。ZnAPO-5分子筛上的正己烷催化裂解反应活性评价结果显示在反应温度为723 K~823 K时正己烷的催化裂解呈中等反应活性,正己烷的转化率随反应温度和接触时间的增加而增加,正己烷的浓度项反应级数为1,裂解反应表观速率常数随反应温度的升高而增大,且遵从Arrhenius公式;由裂解产物分布可知,在选定的实验条件下该反应以单分子反应为主。     

裂解气相色谱法测定含能材料中氟橡胶

应用裂解气相色谱法测定了含能材料中氟橡胶的含量,方法中选用液体进样法,将试样（如聚黑-14及黑索今等样品,以及氟橡胶标准样品）溶解于乙酸乙酯中,分取其中1μL滴于热带探头的铂金带上,经红外灯烘干除去乙酸乙酯后引入于裂解器中,在600℃裂解8S,最适宜的进样量为108μg。在最佳测定条件下,测得的峰高值与氟橡胶的质量浓度在19．2～28．8g·L^-1范围内呈线性关系。对方法的精密度进行了试验,测得相对标准偏差（n=11）为0．13％。     

电化学阻抗谱法研究铈改性TiO2纳米管阵列光电极裂解水产氢动力学

通过阳极氧化法在纯钛板上制备TiO2纳米管阵列电极.在光电化学电解池阳极中加入供电子物质乙二醇,显著减小了TiO2纳米管的电荷传递阻抗,促进了光电催化裂解水产氢反应.采用阴极电沉积和阳极氧化法制备了单质铈和氧化铈共同改性的TiO2纳米管阵列半导体光阳极,其平带电位向电负方向移动.采用电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)对改性后TiO2纳米管阵列在光电催化裂解水产氢中的电子传输性能以及界面性质进行了表征,确定了各阻抗弧对应的电极过程.采用合理的等效电路模型计算了电极的电子传输动力学参数.结果表明,经铈改性后的TiO2纳米管阵列膜电阻明显减小,有利于氢气的产生.探讨了单质铈与氧化铈促进TiO2纳米管阵列电荷传输的作用机理.     

FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜的制备及其催化性能

采用水热法制备FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜,考察了合成液老化、载体预涂晶种以及晶种液中添加聚乙烯醇(PVA)等因素的影响,评价了FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜对模型吸热燃料正辛烷裂解的催化活性。结果表明,载体表面预涂Y分子筛晶种后有助于增加载体表面分子筛负载量,采用老化后的合成液,效果更显著,并且更易在金属丝上生长出一层连续致密的FAU沸石膜。在相同水热合成条件下,载体表面用含PVA的晶种液预涂晶种后,可增加分子筛负载量。正辛烷在FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜上的初始裂解转化率(7.2%～13.2%,500 ℃)高于其在空白载体上的裂解转化率(4.4%),FAU沸石膜的初始催化活性不仅与载体表面分子筛负载量有关,也与分子筛膜的形貌有关。     

三齿多吡啶钴(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、表征及其与DNA的相互作用研究

合成了两种三齿多吡啶钴(Ⅱ)配合物[Co(DMPhTPY)2]2+(ClO-4)2(A)和[Co(H2Bzimpy)2]Cl2(B),用元素分析、IR对配合物的组成和结构进行了表征,测定了配合物A的晶体结构.用电子吸收光谱、荧光光谱、循环伏安法及凝胶电泳实验等方法研究了配合物与DNA的相互作用.结果表明配合物A和B与小牛胸腺(CTDNA)的作用属部分插入和静电结合,凝胶电泳实验表明配合物A在310nm光辐射15min,可使超螺旋pBR322DNA断裂为开环缺口型和线型DNA.