精制废木屑热解油/柴油新型混合燃料制备实验研究

为提高废木屑热解油品质,使其能够作为发动机燃料使用,提出了一条新的热解油提质路线。首先将热解原油进行基于组分分离的乙醚萃取和化学催化相结合的精制过程,得到精制热解油;其次,利用超声反应器制备了精制热解油/柴油新型混合燃料,以单位体积柴油所溶解的精制油的体积定为S值,作为判断乳化效果的准则,考察了不同的影响因素对S值的影响。研究结果表明,乳化剂添加量对S值影响较大,在V_{精制生物油}:V_柴油:V_乳化剂=10:30:5条件下,存在最佳的乳化超声操作条件:超声时间、超声电功率、乳化温度分别为20 min、540 W、50℃。制备了不同S值的乳化燃料,通过对燃料物理指标的分析发现,该燃料性质稳定、燃烧性能优良,有望成为柴油的替代产品。     

珠心算在数学教学中的迁移作用

学习中的迁移现象不仅是普遍存在的,而且早已为古人所发现:"举一反三"、"触类旁通"就是迁移在学习过程中的表现。现代教育心理学提出"为迁移而教"的口号,旨在要求各科教师要遵循迁移的原理和规律组织教学,以促进学生的学习,提高学习的效率和效果。     

The effect of an anti-hydrogen bond on Fermi resonance： A Raman spectroscopic study of the Fermi doublet v1-v12 of liquid pyridine

The effects of an anti-hydrogen bond on the v1 v12 Fermi resonance （FR） of pyridine are experimentally investigated by using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Three systems, pyridine/water, pyridine/formamide, and pyridine/carbon tetrachloride, provide varying degrees of strength for the diluent-pyridine anti-hydrogen bond complex. Water forms a stronger anti-hydrogen bond with pyridine than with formamide, and in the case of adding non-polar solvent carbon tetrachloride, which is neither a hydrogen bond donor nor an acceptor and incapable of forming a hydrogen bond with pyridine, the intermolecular distance of pyridine will increase and the interaction of pyridine molecules will reduce. The dilution studies are performed on the three systems. Comparing with the values of the Fermi coupling coefficient W of the ring breathing mode v1 and triangle mode v12 of pyridine at different volume concentrations, which are calculated according to the Bertran equations, in three systems, we find that the solution with the strongest anti-hydrogen bond, water, shows the fastest change in the v1-v12 Fermi coupling coefficient W with the volume concentration varying, followed by the formamide and carbon tetrachloride solutions. These results suggest that the stronger anti-hydrogen bond-forming effect will cause a greater reduction in the strength of the v1-v12 FR of pyridine. According to the mechanism of the formation of an anti-hydrogen bond in the complexes and the FR theory, a qualitative explanation for the anti-hydrogen bond effect in reducing the strength of the v1 - v12 FR of pyridine is given.     

电感式磨粒传感器中铁磁质磨粒的磁特性研究

在电感式磨粒传感器中,铁磁质磨粒主要通过磁化作用改变传感器线圈的磁场分布,进而改变线圈的等效电感.建立了线圈中含有铁磁质磨粒时的磁场模型,得出了磨粒磁化场关于退磁因子的磁感应强度表达式.以球磨粒为例,通过计算球磨粒磁化场,得到球磨粒引起线圈电感变化率的解析式,并用有限元法计算了线圈的磁场,分析后发现:理论计算解与数值分析解相符,所建模型可以反映客观实际;磨粒的磁化强度由其磁导率和退磁因子共同决定,球磨粒的磁化强度可近似认为与磁导率无关;球磨粒引起的传感器线圈电感变化率随线圈单位长度上匝数的增加而减小,并趋向于一极限值;传感器线圈的电感变化率与球磨粒半径的三次方成正比,球磨粒半径在100μm以内,电感变化率在10-7数量级.本研究结论可为电感式磨粒传感器的设计提供理论指导.     

任意圈层径向非均质土中桩的纵向振动特性

研究三维轴对称条件下径向非均质土中桩的纵向振动. 首先将桩周土体沿径向分为任意圈层来考虑土体的径向非均质性,每个圈层土体均质; 然后结合边界条件和相邻圈层土体之间接触面上位移和应力连续条件,对任意圈层土体动力平衡方程由外而内逐层求解,进而利用桩-土完全耦合条件求解桩动力平衡方程,得到桩顶的频域响应解析解和时域响应半解析解; 最后通过对土体主要控制参数的研究,得出了土体径向非均匀性对桩-土动力响应的影响.      

Research progress on thermal protection materials and structures of hypersonic vehicles

Hypersonic vehicles represent future trends of military equipments and play an important role in future war. Thermal protection materials and structures, Which relate to the safety of hypersonic vehicles, are one of the most key techniques in design and manufacture of hypersonic vehicles. Among these materials and Structures, such as metallic temperature protection structure, the temperature ceramics and carbon/carbon composites are usually adopted in design. The recent progresses of research and applica- tion of ultra-high temperature materials in preparation, oxidation resistance, mechanical and physical characterization are summarized.     

红层泥岩水岩作用特征研究

红层是红色陆相沉积为主的碎屑沉积岩层,岩性以砂岩、泥岩、粉砂岩和页岩为主。该类岩层多为软岩与硬岩相间,呈互层状产出,层间结合力弱。受区域构造影响,岩层扭曲褶皱强烈,多中高倾角,结构面发育,有泥化现象。红层中的泥岩具有透水性弱、亲水性强,遇水易软化、塑变,抗风化能力弱,易崩解等特性。特别是遇水后岩体及结构面抗剪强度大幅度降低,并且具有遇水膨胀、失水收缩的工程特性。水岩作用对边坡的影响主要有,结构面遇水泥化导致楔形体失稳,泥岩塑性变形引起边坡蠕变,同时红层还具有很强的崩解性,边坡开挖后发生崩解等现象。     

预应力混凝土梁桥在移动荷载作用下的动力响应分析

建立预应力钢筋混凝土等直梁强迫振动的运动微分方程,分析了梁在预应力钢筋作用下的横向振动问题.将运动微分方程解耦,得到梁在预应力作用下自振频率的解析解以及梁振动时的动力响应.分析了梁的自振频率与预应力和偏心距的关系.通过实例计算,得到了关于不同速度移动荷载车辆作用下梁的动力挠度曲线,并给出了考虑预应力和不考虑预应力时梁的动力效应比较.结果表明:随着车辆荷载移动速度的增大,梁的动力挠度随之增大;考虑预应力时梁的动力效应略有降低.